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BCS Cheat Sheet 2026

The 30 highest-yield BCS facts, distilled from real exam questions. Print it, save it as a PDF, or study it here ā€” free, no sign-up.

100 questions
120 min time limit
40.00% to pass
  1. What is the purpose of unit testing? ā†’ Testing individual components or functions in isolation to verify they work correctly
  2. What data structure is typically used to implement Breadth-First Search (BFS)? ā†’ Queue
  3. What is the purpose of normalization in database design? ā†’ To reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity
  4. How many ways can 5 distinct books be arranged on a shelf? ā†’ 120
  5. Which protocol operates at the Network layer and is used to report error conditions? ā†’ ICMP
  6. What is the well-known port number for HTTPS? ā†’ 443
  7. What is a zombie process? ā†’ A process that has finished execution but still has an entry in the process table
  8. In the context of OS, what is a semaphore? ā†’ A synchronization primitive used to control access to shared resources
  9. Which sorting algorithm has a guaranteed O(n log n) time complexity in all cases? ā†’ MergeSort
  10. Dynamic programming is best used when a problem exhibits which two properties? ā†’ Overlapping subproblems and optimal substructure
  11. In graph theory, what is a Hamiltonian path? ā†’ A path that visits every vertex exactly once
  12. What is context switching in an operating system? ā†’ Saving the state of a running process and restoring the state of another process
  13. What is the maximum transmission unit (MTU) for a standard Ethernet frame? ā†’ 1500 bytes
  14. What is a design pattern in software engineering? ā†’ A reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem in software design
  15. Which of the following is the correct definition of a bijective function? ā†’ A function that is both injective and surjective
  16. Which data structure uses LIFO (Last In, First Out) ordering? ā†’ Stack
  17. Which IP address class supports the largest number of hosts per network? ā†’ Class A
  18. What is the Agile software development methodology primarily focused on? ā†’ Delivering working software in short iterations with continuous feedback
  19. Which software development model follows a strict sequential phase order? ā†’ Waterfall
  20. What is the worst-case time complexity of QuickSort? ā†’ O(nĀ²)
  21. What is the space complexity of a recursive Fibonacci function without memoization? ā†’ O(n)
  22. Which quantifier asserts that a property holds for all elements in the domain? ā†’ Universal quantifier (āˆ€)
  23. What does a subnet mask define? ā†’ Which portion of an IP address identifies the network vs. host
  24. What is virtual memory? ā†’ A technique that uses disk space to extend the apparent available RAM
  25. In propositional logic, which law states that P āˆØ (Q āˆ§ R) ā‰” (P āˆØ Q) āˆ§ (P āˆØ R)? ā†’ Distributive law
  26. What property must a min-heap satisfy? ā†’ Every parent is less than or equal to its children
  27. Which of the following correctly expresses De Morgan's law for sets? ā†’ (A āˆŖ B)' = A' āˆ© B'
  28. A gyroscope built into a mobile device is used to program it to adjust the direction of its screen. What kind of programming does this represent? ā†’ event-driven
  29. A graph with V vertices and E edges represented as an adjacency matrix requires how much space? ā†’ O(VĀ²)
  30. In a binary search tree (BST), where is the minimum value located? ā†’ Leftmost node
Turn these facts into recall:
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