BCPS BCPS Pharmacotherapy of Infectious Diseases

Question 1

A patient with a penicillin allergy (anaphylaxis) requires treatment for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia. Which antibiotic is the preferred alternative?

Accepted Answer

Daptomycin

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Cefazolin after graded challenge

Answer

Clindamycin

Question 2

Which pharmacokinetic parameter best guides vancomycin dosing optimization to maximize efficacy and minimize nephrotoxicity per current ASHP/IDSA/SIDP guidelines?

Accepted Answer

AUC/MIC ratio (24-hour AUC 400–600)

Answer

Peak concentration

Answer

Trough concentration alone

Answer

Time above MIC

Question 3

A patient with a creatinine clearance of 25 mL/min requires treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infection caused by E. coli. Which agent is contraindicated due to lack of adequate urinary concentrations at this renal function level?

Accepted Answer

Nitrofurantoin

Answer

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Answer

Fosfomycin

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Question 4

Which antifungal agent is the drug of choice for invasive aspergillosis in an immunocompromised patient according to IDSA guidelines?

Accepted Answer

Voriconazole

Answer

Fluconazole

Answer

Caspofungin

Answer

Amphotericin B deoxycholate

Question 5

A patient is being treated for hospital-acquired pneumonia with a gram-negative organism that tests positive for an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). Which antibiotic class is the preferred treatment?

Accepted Answer

Carbapenems

Answer

Third-generation cephalosporins

Answer

Fluoroquinolones

Answer

Aztreonam monotherapy

Question 6

Which HIV antiretroviral drug class acts by inhibiting the integrase enzyme, preventing insertion of viral DNA into the host chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs)

Answer

Protease inhibitors (PIs)

Answer

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)

Answer

Entry inhibitors