BCJ Policing and Law Enforcement 2

Question 1

The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice (1967) recommended which major development in U.S. policing?

Accepted Answer

Requiring college education for police officers

Answer

Abolishing civilian review boards

Answer

Eliminating community policing programs

Answer

Expanding stop-and-frisk practices

Question 2

In Terry v. Ohio (1968), the Supreme Court held that officers may briefly detain a person based on which standard?

Accepted Answer

Reasonable suspicion

Answer

Probable cause

Answer

Beyond a reasonable doubt

Answer

Preponderance of evidence

Question 3

Which era of U.S. policing (roughly 1930–1980) is characterized by reliance on patrol cars, 911 systems, and a reactive, professional crime-fighting model?

Accepted Answer

Reform era

Answer

Political era

Answer

Community era

Answer

Intelligence-led era

Question 4

Which of the following best defines 'de-escalation' in modern law enforcement practice?

Accepted Answer

Techniques to reduce the intensity of a conflict before force becomes necessary

Answer

Using maximum force to quickly resolve a threat

Answer

Arresting suspects immediately to prevent flight risk

Answer

Calling for backup before engaging any suspect

Question 5

Which Supreme Court case established the 'objective reasonableness' standard for evaluating whether a police officer's use of force was constitutional?

Accepted Answer

Graham v. Connor (1989)

Answer

Tennessee v. Garner (1985)

Answer

Hudson v. Michigan (2006)

Answer

Atwater v. City of Lago Vista (2001)

Question 6

What is the primary function of a civilian review board in a police department?

Accepted Answer

To provide independent oversight and review of police misconduct complaints

Answer

To train new police recruits in use-of-force tactics

Answer

To allocate department budgets and hire officers

Answer

To conduct criminal investigations alongside detectives

Question 7

The 'broken windows' theory, introduced by Wilson and Kelling in 1982, suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Disorder and minor infractions left unaddressed signal that more serious crime is tolerated

Answer

Officers should use maximum force against violent offenders

Answer

Police should focus solely on violent crime statistics

Answer

Physical destruction of property is the leading cause of homicide