Argument Analysis Flashcards

An argument concludes: 'Tougher sentencing deters crime.' Which of the following, if true, most strengthens this argument?

Answer: Studies show that jurisdictions with mandatory minimums have significantly lower recidivism rates

Evidence that mandatory minimums reduce recidivism directly supports the deterrence claim.

Which of the following most weakens the argument: 'CCTV cameras reduce street crime because crime fell 20% after their installation'?

Answer: Other cities without cameras also reported falling crime

If cities without cameras also saw crime fall, the cameras may not be responsible — a general trend could explain the drop.

A BCAT argument states: 'Legal aid must be preserved because everyone deserves access to justice.' What is the underlying assumption?

Answer: Without legal aid, some people cannot afford access to justice

The argument assumes that without legal aid, access to justice would be denied to those who cannot afford it.

Which of the following is an example of a valid deductive argument?

Answer: All contracts require consideration; this agreement has consideration; therefore it is a contract

This follows the valid syllogistic form: All A are B; C is A; therefore C is B — producing a guaranteed conclusion.

The argument: 'We should lower the voting age because young people are affected by political decisions' is best classified as:

Answer: An appeal to relevance — those affected should have a say

The argument appeals to the relevance of those impacted by decisions having a voice — a legitimate normative claim about representation.

In a BCAT argument analysis question, 'the main conclusion' is distinguished from 'intermediate conclusions' because:

Answer: The main conclusion is the ultimate claim the argument aims to establish, while intermediate conclusions support it

Intermediate conclusions act as stepping stones — they are supported by evidence and in turn support the main conclusion.