BCA Critical Thinking 2

Question 1

A study claims that students who eat breakfast score higher on tests. Which conclusion is best supported by this data?

Accepted Answer

There is a correlation between breakfast and test scores

Answer

Eating breakfast causes higher test scores

Answer

Students who skip breakfast are less intelligent

Answer

Schools should mandate breakfast for all students

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of an ad hominem fallacy?

Accepted Answer

Rejecting a climate scientist's findings because she drives a large SUV

Answer

Dismissing an argument because the statistics are flawed

Answer

Questioning a study because its sample size is too small

Answer

Doubting a conclusion because the methodology was not peer-reviewed

Question 3

If all mammals are warm-blooded, and whales are mammals, what can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

Whales are warm-blooded

Answer

Whales are the only warm-blooded sea animals

Answer

All warm-blooded animals are mammals

Answer

Whales evolved from land mammals

Question 4

A politician says, 'You're either with us or against us.' What reasoning error does this represent?

Accepted Answer

False dilemma

Answer

Slippery slope

Answer

Straw man

Answer

Appeal to authority

Question 5

Which question best evaluates the credibility of a source?

Accepted Answer

Is the source recent, peer-reviewed, and from an expert in the field?

Answer

Does the source agree with my existing beliefs?

Answer

Has the source been cited by popular media outlets?

Answer

Does the source use technical language?

Question 6

In a logical argument, what is the role of a premise?

Accepted Answer

It is a statement offered as support for the conclusion

Answer

It is the final conclusion drawn from evidence

Answer

It is a counterargument that must be refuted

Answer

It is an assumption that has already been proven

Question 7

A researcher only interviews people at a gym about exercise habits. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Sampling bias

Answer

Random sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Answer

Convenience sampling that is still representative