Comprehensive Diabetes Assessment & Diagnosis Flashcards
7 cards from real BC ADM practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Comprehensive Diabetes Assessment & Diagnosis flashcards as text
Which finding on nerve conduction study is most consistent with diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy?
Answer: Reduced amplitude and slowed conduction velocity in distal sensory nerves
Diabetic polyneuropathy produces a length-dependent pattern with reduced amplitude and slowed velocity in distal sensory nerves, reflecting axonal loss and demyelination.
A patient with type 2 diabetes and a recent MI is started on an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which additional benefit beyond glucose lowering makes this appropriate?
Answer: Cardiovascular and heart failure hospitalization reduction demonstrated in trials
SGLT2 inhibitors (empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin) have demonstrated significant reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events and heart failure hospitalizations in high-risk patients.
When assessing for diabetic autonomic neuropathy, which test specifically evaluates cardiovagal function?
Answer: Heart rate variability with deep breathing (E/I ratio)
The expiration-to-inspiration (E/I) heart rate ratio during deep breathing at 6 breaths/min assesses parasympathetic (vagal) control of heart rate, a validated cardiovagal function test.
A clinician suspects cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) in a 20-year-old patient. Which diagnostic approach is preferred?
Answer: 2-hour OGTT with 75g glucose load
OGTT is the preferred test for CFRD because HbA1c is unreliable in CF (due to hemolytic anemia and chronic illness), and fasting glucose alone misses many cases.
Which feature differentiates type 3c (pancreatogenic) diabetes from type 2 diabetes on clinical assessment?
Answer: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with steatorrhea and history of pancreatitis
Type 3c diabetes follows pancreatic damage (chronic pancreatitis, pancreatectomy, CF); exocrine insufficiency causing steatorrhea and a relevant pancreatic history are diagnostic clues.
A fasting C-peptide of 0.8 ng/mL is measured in a patient with known diabetes on insulin therapy. How should this be interpreted?
Answer: Suggests residual beta-cell function, inconsistent with absolute insulin deficiency
A C-peptide of 0.8 ng/mL indicates residual endogenous insulin secretion, which would be atypical for established type 1 diabetes and should prompt re-evaluation of the diagnosis.
According to the ADA, which blood pressure target is recommended for most adults with diabetes and hypertension to reduce cardiovascular and renal risk?
Answer: <130/80 mmHg
ADA recommends a blood pressure target of <130/80 mmHg for most adults with diabetes and hypertension based on evidence from ACCORD-BP and meta-analyses showing cardiovascular benefit.