Complications Management Flashcards
7 cards from real BC ADM practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Complications Management flashcards as text
Which intervention is most effective at preventing amputation in a diabetic patient with a Wagner Grade 3 foot infection?
Answer: Urgent surgical debridement, IV antibiotics, and vascular assessment
Wagner Grade 3 involves deep abscess or osteomyelitis requiring urgent surgical debridement, broad-spectrum IV antibiotics, and limb perfusion assessment.
A patient with diabetic CKD Stage 3b has hyperkalemia on an ACE inhibitor. Which newer agent can provide renoprotection while having a lower hyperkalemia risk than traditional MRAs?
Answer: Finerenone
Finerenone's high selectivity and rapid tissue distribution reduce aldosterone-driven inflammation with a lower hyperkalemia risk than spironolactone or eplerenone.
A T1DM patient reports nausea, early satiety, and postprandial hypoglycemia. Which diagnostic finding confirms the suspected complication?
Answer: >10% gastric retention of radiolabeled meal at 4 hours on scintigraphy
Greater than 10% retention at 4 hours on 4-hour solid-phase gastric emptying scintigraphy confirms gastroparesis causing erratic glucose absorption.
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between HbA1c reduction and microvascular complication prevention based on the DCCT and UKPDS trials?
Answer: Each 1% reduction in HbA1c reduces microvascular complication risk by approximately 25-35%
DCCT (T1DM) and UKPDS (T2DM) demonstrated that each 1% HbA1c reduction yields approximately 25-35% reduction in microvascular complication risk.
A patient with diabetic macular edema and center involvement who is visually impaired should receive which primary treatment?
Answer: Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections
Anti-VEGF intravitreal injections are the standard of care for center-involved DME, showing superior visual outcomes compared to laser monotherapy.
Which feature of diabetic neuropathy most clearly differentiates it from chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)?
Answer: Length-dependent distal-predominant pattern with axonal loss
Diabetic neuropathy follows a classic length-dependent, distal-to-proximal, axonal pattern, unlike CIDP which causes proximal weakness and demyelination.
A patient with T2DM has recurrent urinary tract infections and urinary retention. Which autonomic complication is responsible?
Answer: Neurogenic bladder (cystopathy)
Diabetic neurogenic bladder causes detrusor underactivity, incomplete emptying, and urinary retention which predisposes to recurrent UTIs.