Basic Nursing Skills Nutrition & Fluid Balance 3

Question 1

Which food is highest in potassium and beneficial for a patient with hypokalemia?

Accepted Answer

Bananas and oranges

Answer

Bananas, oranges, potatoes, and leafy greens are high in potassium and should be encouraged in patients with hypokalemia.

Question 2

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is administered via which route?

Accepted Answer

Central venous catheter

Answer

TPN is a hypertonic solution that must be administered through a central venous catheter (e.g., PICC or central line) to prevent phlebitis and vessel damage.

Question 3

A patient on a clear liquid diet may have:

Accepted Answer

Gelatin, broth, apple juice, and popsicles

Answer

Clear liquid diets include transparent or translucent liquids such as broth, gelatin, apple juice, and popsicles — nothing that is opaque.

Question 4

Which sign indicates the patient may be experiencing refeeding syndrome after starting nutritional support?

Accepted Answer

Hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia

Answer

Refeeding syndrome causes electrolyte shifts (hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia) as glucose and insulin drive minerals into cells during rapid nutritional repletion.

Question 5

When teaching a patient about a low-sodium diet, which food should the nurse instruct the patient to avoid?

Accepted Answer

Canned soups and processed meats

Answer

Canned soups and processed meats are extremely high in sodium due to preservatives and added salt, and must be avoided on a low-sodium diet.

Basic Nursing Skills Practice Test

Basic Nursing Skills Practice Test

Basic Nursing Skills Nutrition & Fluid Balance 3