Dynamics of Human Development and Behavior Flashcards
7 cards from real BAPSY practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Dynamics of Human Development and Behavior flashcards as text
According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, what term describes the gap between what a child can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance?
Answer: Zone of proximal development
The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is Vygotsky's concept describing tasks a learner cannot yet do alone but can accomplish with skilled assistance.
Which attachment style, identified by Mary Ainsworth, is characterized by a child who shows little distress when separated from the caregiver and ignores them upon return?
Answer: Avoidant attachment
Avoidant attachment involves children who have learned not to rely on caregivers and show minimal emotional response to separation or reunion.
In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which system contains the immediate environments in which a person directly participates, such as family and school?
Answer: Microsystem
The microsystem includes the immediate settings and people with whom a person has direct contact, such as family, peers, and school.
A teenager who frequently changes their self-description and values depending on social context is best described as experiencing which identity status, per Marcia's theory?
Answer: Identity diffusion
Identity diffusion is characterized by a lack of both exploration and commitment, leading to inconsistent and unstable self-concept.
Which theorist proposed the concept of 'generativity vs. stagnation' as a central challenge of middle adulthood?
Answer: Erik Erikson
Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development places generativity—contributing to future generations—against stagnation in middle adulthood.
The 'still-face paradigm' developed by Edward Tronick is used to study which aspect of infant development?
Answer: Social-emotional responsiveness
The still-face paradigm reveals how infants respond to a caregiver's sudden emotional withdrawal, demonstrating early social-emotional sensitivity.
Which phenomenon describes the tendency for individuals in late adulthood to prioritize emotionally meaningful goals and close relationships over new information-seeking?
Answer: Socioemotional selectivity theory
Socioemotional selectivity theory (Carstensen) holds that as people perceive limited time horizons, they shift priorities toward emotionally rewarding relationships.