BAPSY FREE Bachelor of Arts in Psychology: Dynamics of Human Development and Behavior Questions and Answers 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which theorist proposed the bioecological model of human development, emphasizing nested environmental systems?
- Urie Bronfenbrenner (Correct answer)
- Jean Piaget
- Lev Vygotsky
- B.F. Skinner
Correct answer: Urie Bronfenbrenner
Bronfenbrenner developed the bioecological model describing how microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem layers influence development.
Question 2: During which of Erikson's psychosocial stages does an individual primarily struggle with the conflict of generativity versus stagnation?
- Young adulthood (18–40)
- Middle adulthood (40–65) (Correct answer)
- Adolescence (12–18)
- Late adulthood (65+)
Correct answer: Middle adulthood (40–65)
Generativity versus stagnation occurs during middle adulthood, when individuals focus on contributing to future generations or risk feeling unproductive.
Question 3: What term describes the tendency for early life experiences to have diminishing effects on development as later experiences accumulate?
- Developmental plasticity (Correct answer)
- Critical period hypothesis
- Canalization
- Resilience
Correct answer: Developmental plasticity
Developmental plasticity refers to the brain and behavior's capacity to be shaped by experience throughout life, meaning early effects can be modified by later ones.
Question 4: In Bandura's social learning theory, what process involves an individual reproducing a behavior after watching a model perform it?
- Reinforcement
- Retention
- Motor reproduction (Correct answer)
- Attention
Correct answer: Motor reproduction
Motor reproduction is the stage where the observer physically performs the observed behavior, translating mental representations into action.
Question 5: Which attachment style, identified by Mary Ainsworth, is characterized by a child showing distress upon separation but ambivalence when the caregiver returns?
- Secure attachment
- Avoidant attachment
- Anxious-resistant attachment (Correct answer)
- Disorganized attachment
Correct answer: Anxious-resistant attachment
Anxious-resistant (ambivalent) attachment involves clingy behavior, distress at separation, and mixed reactions of relief and anger upon reunion with the caregiver.
Question 6: What is the primary characteristic of Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
- Tasks a child can do independently without help
- The gap between what a learner can do alone and what they can achieve with guidance (Correct answer)
- Innate biological milestones that unfold regardless of environment
- Unconscious conflicts that drive cognitive growth
Correct answer: The gap between what a learner can do alone and what they can achieve with guidance
The ZPD represents the range of tasks a learner cannot yet do independently but can accomplish with the support of a more knowledgeable other.
BAPSY FREE Bachelor of Arts in Psychology: Dynamics of Human Development and Behavior Questions and Answers 2
Which theorist proposed the bioecological model of human development, emphasizing nested environmental systems?