Mixed Deck — All BAPSY Topics Flashcards

Which assessment tool is most commonly used to evaluate functional capacity for daily living skills in individuals with severe mental illness?

Answer: Independent Living Skills Survey (ILSS)

The ILSS assesses performance on specific daily living tasks such as personal hygiene, food preparation, money management, and transportation.

In multiple regression, what does multicollinearity refer to?

Answer: High correlations among predictor variables

Multicollinearity occurs when predictor variables are highly correlated, inflating standard errors of coefficients.

Which psychological phenomenon poses the greatest threat to the reliability of eyewitness identification in criminal cases?

Answer: The misinformation effect

The misinformation effect occurs when post-event information distorts a witness's original memory, leading to inaccurate eyewitness identifications.

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on pupil size during a stress response?

Answer: Pupils dilate to allow more light in

Sympathetic activation causes pupil dilation (mydriasis) to enhance visual perception during threatening situations.

Wraparound services in children's mental health rehabilitation are best described as:

Answer: Individualized, team-based planning that coordinates services across life domains

Wraparound is a planning process that convenes a team of formal and informal supports to develop individualized plans addressing the child's needs across home, school, and community.

A psychologist wants to determine if therapy type predicts group membership (improved vs. not improved). Which test is most appropriate?

Answer: Chi-square test of independence

Chi-square tests whether two categorical variables are independent of each other.

Julian Rotter's concept of 'locus of control' describes:

Answer: Whether one attributes outcomes to internal efforts or external forces

Locus of control refers to the degree to which people believe they control outcomes in their lives (internal) versus attributing outcomes to chance or others (external).

Which personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions, along with marked impulsivity?

Answer: Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder is defined by instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect, combined with significant impulsivity.

Which defense mechanism involves unconsciously attributing one's own unacceptable feelings or impulses to others?

Answer: Projection

Projection involves attributing one's own unwanted thoughts, feelings, or impulses onto another person as a way of reducing anxiety.

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of functional fixedness as a barrier to problem-solving?

Answer: An individual needing to drive a nail into a wall only searches for a hammer, overlooking a nearby heavy wrench that could serve the same purpose.

Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used. In this scenario, the individual is fixated on the hammer's typical function and cannot see the wrench as a potential tool for driving the nail, thus hindering problem-solving.

What is the primary purpose of a double-blind procedure in psychological research?

Answer: To reduce both participant and researcher bias

Double-blind procedures prevent both participants and researchers from knowing group assignments, minimizing expectation-related biases.

The reticular activating system (RAS) in the brainstem plays a key role in regulating:

Answer: Arousal and states of consciousness

The RAS modulates arousal, wakefulness, and attention by sending diffuse activating signals to the cortex.

Which psychologist developed the hierarchy of needs theory?

Answer: Abraham Maslow

Abraham Maslow proposed the hierarchy of needs, ranking human needs from basic physiological requirements to self-actualization.

A person collapses on a crowded subway platform. Despite many people witnessing the event, no one immediately rushes to help, as each individual assumes someone else is more qualified or has already called for assistance. This failure to intervene is best explained by:

Answer: The bystander effect

The bystander effect is a social psychological theory stating that individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present. The greater the number of bystanders, the less likely it is that any one of them will help, largely due to a diffusion of responsibility, where the sense of obligation to act is spread across all onlookers.

A student cramming for an exam repeats a list of key terms to themselves over and over. According to the levels-of-processing theory by Craik and Lockhart, this strategy involves which type of processing and is generally less effective for long-term retention?

Answer: Shallow processing

Shallow processing, such as maintenance rehearsal (rote repetition), focuses on superficial characteristics of a stimulus (like the sound of the words) rather than its meaning. The levels-of-processing theory posits that deeper, semantic processing, which involves linking new information to existing knowledge, leads to more durable memory traces.

What role do glial cells play in the nervous system?

Answer: They provide structural support, insulation, and nourishment to neurons

Glial cells support neurons by providing insulation (myelin), removing waste, supplying nutrients, and maintaining the chemical environment.

The 'refractory period' following an action potential refers to the time during which:

Answer: A second action potential cannot be initiated or requires an unusually strong stimulus

During the absolute refractory period, no stimulus can trigger another action potential; the relative refractory period requires a stronger-than-normal stimulus.

Which of the following best illustrates 'deindividuation' in a crowd?

Answer: Rioters wearing masks and engaging in destructive behavior they normally would not

Deindividuation occurs when anonymity within a group reduces self-awareness and normal restraints, increasing impulsive or antisocial behavior.

Which guidance service emphasizes the significance of consistently keeping track of the location and status of both graduates and dropouts?

Answer: Follow-up

The follow-up service in guidance is crucial for tracking individuals after they have left the educational institution or completed a specific program. Its primary purpose is to consistently monitor the location, status, and progress of both graduates and dropouts. This ongoing contact helps assess the long-term impact of guidance interventions and provides valuable data for program improvement.

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development proposes how many stages across the lifespan?

Answer: 8

Erikson proposed 8 stages of psychosocial development, each characterized by a central conflict that must be resolved for healthy psychological growth.