Methodical & Stats Analysis Flashcards

In multiple regression, multicollinearity refers to:

Answer: High correlation among predictor variables

Multicollinearity occurs when predictor variables are highly correlated with each other, making it difficult to isolate individual effects.

A within-subjects (repeated measures) design reduces error variance primarily by:

Answer: Controlling for individual differences across conditions

Repeated measures designs use the same participants across conditions, removing between-person variability from the error term.

Cronbach's alpha is used to assess:

Answer: Internal consistency of a scale

Cronbach's alpha estimates the internal consistency of a multi-item scale by examining inter-item correlations.

The p-value in hypothesis testing represents:

Answer: The probability of obtaining results at least as extreme as observed, given H₀ is true

The p-value is the probability of observing data as extreme or more extreme than the sample, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

Which of the following is an example of a confounding variable?

Answer: A variable that co-varies with IV and affects DV unintentionally

A confound is an extraneous variable that varies systematically with the independent variable and influences the dependent variable.

Effect size measures such as Cohen's d are important because they:

Answer: Quantify the practical magnitude of a difference

Cohen's d expresses the size of a mean difference in standard deviation units, indicating practical significance regardless of sample size.

In a 2×3 factorial design, how many main effects are there?

Answer: 2

A 2×3 factorial design has two factors, yielding exactly two main effects and one interaction effect.