Cognitive Psychology and Processes Flashcards
7 cards from real BAPSY practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Cognitive Psychology and Processes flashcards as text
Which phenomenon describes the finding that memory for an event can be altered by post-event information, such as misleading questions?
Answer: Misinformation effect
The misinformation effect, studied extensively by Elizabeth Loftus, shows that exposure to misleading post-event information can distort eyewitness memories.
Feature integration theory (Treisman) proposes that focused attention is required to:
Answer: Bind separate features into unified objects
According to feature integration theory, basic features are registered pre-attentively, but attention is necessary to correctly bind features into coherent object representations.
In language production, which stage involves selecting the appropriate words to express an intended meaning?
Answer: Lexical selection
Lexical selection is the process of retrieving the appropriate word (lemma) from the mental lexicon to express the intended concept during speech production.
Which concept describes the finding that people are better at recognizing words they generated themselves compared to words they read passively?
Answer: The generation effect
The generation effect demonstrates that actively generating a target (e.g., filling in a missing letter) leads to better memory than passively reading the complete item.
According to the levels-of-processing framework (Craik & Lockhart), which type of encoding produces the deepest and most durable memory traces?
Answer: Semantic encoding (meaning)
Semantic encoding, which involves processing the meaning of information, produces the deepest level of processing and results in the strongest, most durable memory traces.
In mental imagery research, the 'mental rotation' paradigm (Shepard & Metzler) demonstrated that:
Answer: Rotation time increases linearly with the angle of rotation, suggesting analog processing
Shepard and Metzler found that reaction time to judge whether two 3D shapes matched increased linearly with the angular difference, supporting the analog nature of mental imagery.
Which type of long-term memory stores knowledge about how to perform skills and is largely implicit?
Answer: Procedural memory
Procedural memory stores motor skills and cognitive routines (e.g., riding a bike, typing) and operates largely outside conscious awareness.