Cognitive Psychology and Processes Flashcards
7 cards from real BAPSY practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Cognitive Psychology and Processes flashcards as text
In Kahneman and Tversky's prospect theory, losses are typically weighted how compared to equivalent gains?
Answer: More heavily
Prospect theory establishes loss aversion: losses loom larger than equivalent gains, typically by a factor of about 2:1.
Neuroimaging studies consistently associate the hippocampus most strongly with which memory process?
Answer: Consolidation of new declarative memories
The hippocampus is critical for encoding and consolidating new explicit (declarative) memories, as evidenced by cases like H.M. following bilateral hippocampectomy.
The Stroop effect demonstrates interference between which two cognitive processes?
Answer: Automatic word reading and controlled color naming
The Stroop task shows that automatic, overlearned word reading interferes with the more effortful, controlled process of naming ink color when they conflict.
Spreading activation theory in semantic memory proposes that:
Answer: Activating one concept automatically activates related concepts in a network
Spreading activation theory posits that semantic concepts are nodes in a network, and activating one node sends activation to semantically linked nodes.
Which problem-solving strategy guarantees finding the correct solution but is computationally expensive?
Answer: Algorithm
An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure that, when followed correctly, guarantees the correct solution, unlike heuristics which are shortcuts that may not always succeed.
The concept of 'inattentional blindness' refers to:
Answer: Failing to perceive an unexpected stimulus when attention is focused elsewhere
Inattentional blindness is the failure to notice an unexpected but fully visible object or event when attention is directed to something else, as shown in Simons and Chabris's gorilla experiment.
Which stage of skill acquisition, according to Fitts and Posner's model, involves performance becoming fast, effortless, and automatic?
Answer: Autonomous stage
In the autonomous (procedural) stage, the skill requires minimal conscious attention and is executed rapidly and automatically after extensive practice.