FREE BAPSY Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Social Psychology Questions and Answers Flashcards
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What does the concept of pluralistic ignorance describe in social psychology?
Answer: A situation where most group members privately reject a norm but assume others accept it
Pluralistic ignorance occurs when individuals mistakenly believe their private attitudes differ from the group norm, even though most members actually share the same private doubts.
According to social identity theory, what primarily drives in-group favoritism?
Answer: The desire to maintain positive self-esteem through group membership
Social identity theory posits that people derive self-esteem from their group memberships and therefore favor their in-group to enhance their own self-concept.
Which persuasion technique involves making a large request first, expecting refusal, then following with a smaller target request?
Answer: Door-in-the-face technique
The door-in-the-face technique leverages the norm of reciprocity, making the smaller second request seem more reasonable by contrast with the initial large request.
What is the primary difference between normative and informational social influence?
Answer: Normative influence stems from desire to be liked while informational influence stems from desire to be correct
Normative influence drives conformity through the need for social acceptance, whereas informational influence drives conformity through the belief that others possess accurate knowledge.
In the context of attribution theory, what is the actor-observer bias?
Answer: The tendency to attribute our own behavior to situations but others' behavior to their dispositions
The actor-observer bias describes the asymmetry where people explain their own actions through situational factors but explain others' actions through stable personality traits.
What did Solomon Asch's conformity experiments primarily demonstrate about social pressure?
Answer: People will conform to an obviously incorrect group consensus even on simple perceptual tasks
Asch's line judgment experiments showed that about 75% of participants conformed to a clearly wrong group answer at least once, demonstrating the powerful pull of social pressure even on unambiguous tasks.