FREE BAPSY Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Cognitive Psychology Questions and Answers Flashcards

What is the misinformation effect as described by Elizabeth Loftus?

Answer: The distortion of memory when misleading post-event information is introduced

The misinformation effect occurs when exposure to incorrect information after an event alters a person's memory of that original event.

In classical conditioning research within cognitive psychology, what does latent inhibition refer to?

Answer: The slowing of conditioning when the subject has prior neutral exposure to the stimulus

Latent inhibition is the phenomenon where pre-exposure to a stimulus without consequence makes it harder to later condition a response to that stimulus.

What does the concept of cognitive load theory suggest about instructional design?

Answer: Intrinsic, extraneous, and germane loads all compete for limited working memory resources

Cognitive load theory holds that working memory has limited capacity and that intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive loads compete for these finite resources during learning.

Which phenomenon describes the tendency to search for or interpret information in ways that confirm pre-existing beliefs?

Answer: Confirmation bias

Confirmation bias is the tendency to favor information that supports one's existing beliefs while ignoring or discounting contradictory evidence.

What is inattentional blindness?

Answer: Failure to notice a fully visible but unexpected stimulus when attention is engaged elsewhere

Inattentional blindness occurs when people fail to perceive an unexpected object or event in plain sight because their attention is focused on another task.

According to dual-process theory, what distinguishes System 1 thinking from System 2 thinking?

Answer: System 1 is fast and intuitive while System 2 is slow and analytical

In dual-process theory, System 1 operates automatically and quickly with little effort, while System 2 allocates attention to effortful and analytical mental activities.