FREE Bachelor of Arts in Psychology: Dynamics of Human Development and Behavior Questions and Answers Flashcards
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Which concept refers to the biological unfolding of development according to a genetic blueprint, largely independent of environmental influence?
Answer: Maturation
Maturation describes the natural, genetically programmed sequence of physical and behavioral changes that occur with age regardless of specific environmental input.
According to Piaget, what cognitive ability emerges during the concrete operational stage that allows children to understand that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape?
Answer: Conservation
Conservation is the understanding that certain properties of objects remain unchanged even when their outward appearance is altered, typically mastered between ages 7 and 11.
What does the term 'temperament' refer to in developmental psychology?
Answer: An individual's innate behavioral style and emotional reactivity present from infancy
Temperament refers to biologically based individual differences in emotional reactivity and self-regulation that are observable from early infancy.
Which term describes the period in prenatal development when a specific organ or structure is most vulnerable to teratogens?
Answer: Critical period
A critical period in prenatal development is a specific time frame during which an organ is forming and is therefore most susceptible to damage from harmful environmental agents.
Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning is primarily characterized by which of the following?
Answer: Reasoning based on self-chosen universal ethical principles
At the postconventional level, moral reasoning is guided by internalized principles of justice and human rights that may transcend specific laws or social conventions.
What phenomenon describes the measurable decline in processing speed and fluid intelligence that typically begins in the late twenties?
Answer: Normative age-graded decline
Normative age-graded decline refers to the predictable, biologically driven decreases in fluid cognitive abilities that are common across individuals as they age.