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FREE Bachelor of Arts in Psychology: Dynamics of Human Development and Behavior Questions and Answers Flashcards

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  1. Which theorist proposed the bioecological model of human development, emphasizing nested environmental systems?

    Answer: Urie Bronfenbrenner

    Bronfenbrenner developed the bioecological model describing how microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem layers influence development.

  2. During which of Erikson's psychosocial stages does an individual primarily struggle with the conflict of generativity versus stagnation?

    Answer: Middle adulthood (40–65)

    Generativity versus stagnation occurs during middle adulthood, when individuals focus on contributing to future generations or risk feeling unproductive.

  3. What term describes the tendency for early life experiences to have diminishing effects on development as later experiences accumulate?

    Answer: Developmental plasticity

    Developmental plasticity refers to the brain and behavior's capacity to be shaped by experience throughout life, meaning early effects can be modified by later ones.

  4. In Bandura's social learning theory, what process involves an individual reproducing a behavior after watching a model perform it?

    Answer: Motor reproduction

    Motor reproduction is the stage where the observer physically performs the observed behavior, translating mental representations into action.

  5. Which attachment style, identified by Mary Ainsworth, is characterized by a child showing distress upon separation but ambivalence when the caregiver returns?

    Answer: Anxious-resistant attachment

    Anxious-resistant (ambivalent) attachment involves clingy behavior, distress at separation, and mixed reactions of relief and anger upon reunion with the caregiver.

  6. What is the primary characteristic of Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD)?

    Answer: The gap between what a learner can do alone and what they can achieve with guidance

    The ZPD represents the range of tasks a learner cannot yet do independently but can accomplish with the support of a more knowledgeable other.