BAPSY Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Developmental Psychology Across Lifespan Questions and Answers Flashcards

Which attachment style, identified by Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment, is characterized by a child showing distress upon separation but ambivalence upon reunion?

Answer: Anxious-resistant attachment

Anxious-resistant (ambivalent) attachment is marked by intense separation distress and mixed reactions of clinginess and resistance when the caregiver returns.

Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning is primarily characterized by which of the following?

Answer: Adherence to self-chosen universal ethical principles

At the postconventional level, individuals base moral decisions on internalized principles of justice and human rights that may transcend specific laws.

Which term refers to the cognitive decline in processing speed and novel problem-solving ability that typically occurs with aging?

Answer: Fluid intelligence decline

Fluid intelligence, which involves reasoning and processing new information, tends to decline gradually beginning in middle adulthood.

What does the term 'teratogen' refer to in prenatal development?

Answer: Any environmental agent that can cause birth defects during prenatal development

Teratogens are environmental agents such as drugs, viruses, or chemicals that can interfere with normal prenatal development and cause birth defects.

According to Baltes' lifespan perspective, which principle states that development involves both gains and losses at every age?

Answer: Multidirectionality

Multidirectionality holds that development is not purely growth or decline but involves simultaneous gains and losses across all periods of life.

Which phenomenon describes the accelerated cognitive and physical decline sometimes observed in older adults during the final months before death?

Answer: Terminal decline

Terminal decline refers to a marked acceleration in cognitive and physical deterioration that can occur in the period shortly before death.