BAPSY Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Cognitive Psychology and Processes Questions and Answers Flashcards

Which memory system is responsible for holding information temporarily while actively manipulating it?

Answer: Working memory

Working memory, as described by Baddeley's model, temporarily stores and manipulates information needed for complex cognitive tasks.

What is the cocktail party effect an example of in cognitive psychology?

Answer: Selective attention

The cocktail party effect demonstrates selective attention, where individuals can focus on one conversation while filtering out background noise.

According to the levels of processing framework proposed by Craik and Lockhart, which type of processing leads to the strongest memory traces?

Answer: Semantic processing

Semantic processing, which involves analyzing meaning, produces deeper encoding and more durable memory traces than shallow processing.

Which heuristic involves making judgments based on how easily examples come to mind?

Answer: Availability heuristic

The availability heuristic leads people to estimate the likelihood of events based on how readily examples are retrieved from memory.

What phenomenon occurs when previously learned information interferes with the ability to remember new information?

Answer: Proactive interference

Proactive interference occurs when older memories disrupt the retrieval of newer memories, such as calling a new partner by an ex's name.

In problem solving, what term describes the tendency to fixate on using an object only in its traditional manner?

Answer: Functional fixedness

Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits a person to seeing an object only in the way it is traditionally used, hindering creative problem solving.