Back-End Development Microservices and Cloud Back-End Architecture

Question 1

What is a microservices architecture?

Accepted Answer

An architectural style where an application is composed of small, independently deployable services each responsible for a specific business capability

Answer

A single large application with many features

Answer

A framework for building mobile applications

Answer

A database design pattern for large tables

Question 2

What is a message queue and how does it benefit microservices?

Accepted Answer

An asynchronous communication mechanism that decouples services by buffering messages between producers and consumers

Answer

A database for storing user messages

Answer

A logging system for tracking API calls

Answer

A synchronous request-response pattern between services

Question 3

What is a Docker container and how does it differ from a virtual machine?

Accepted Answer

A container shares the host OS kernel and is lighter; a VM includes a full OS and is heavier

Answer

A container runs on bare metal; a VM runs in a cloud environment

Answer

They are identical in resource usage but containers are faster to download

Answer

A VM is more secure than a container in all scenarios

Question 4

What is Kubernetes used for in back-end infrastructure?

Accepted Answer

Orchestrating, scaling, and managing containerized applications across clusters of machines

Answer

Writing server-side JavaScript applications

Answer

Managing relational databases in the cloud

Answer

Monitoring application logs and metrics

Question 5

What is the CAP theorem in distributed systems?

Accepted Answer

A principle stating that a distributed system can guarantee at most two of: Consistency, Availability, and Partition Tolerance simultaneously

Answer

A theorem stating that distributed systems need Caching, APIs, and Performance

Answer

A cloud cost optimization framework

Answer

A network protocol for consistent data replication

Question 6

What is a load balancer and what role does it play in back-end architecture?

Accepted Answer

A component that distributes incoming network traffic across multiple servers to ensure no single server is overwhelmed

Answer

A tool that measures CPU load on servers

Answer

A database optimization tool for balancing read and write operations

Answer

A caching layer that balances memory usage