B.Pharm. Bachelor of Pharmacy Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm.) Human Anatomy & Physiology 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The exocrine secretion of the pancreas is delivered to the duodenum via the:
- Hepatopancreatic ampulla (of Vater) (Correct answer)
- Cystic duct
- Right hepatic duct
- Sphincter of Oddi alone
Correct answer: Hepatopancreatic ampulla (of Vater)
The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct at the hepatopancreatic ampulla, which opens into the duodenum.
Question 2: Action potentials propagate along unmyelinated nerve fibers by which mechanism?
- Saltatory conduction between nodes of Ranvier
- Continuous conduction along the entire axon membrane (Correct answer)
- Myelin insulation speeding conduction
- Schwann cell active pumping of sodium
Correct answer: Continuous conduction along the entire axon membrane
Unmyelinated fibers conduct action potentials continuously along the axon membrane, slower than saltatory conduction in myelinated fibers.
Question 3: The hormone aldosterone from the adrenal cortex acts on the kidney to:
- Increase water reabsorption via aquaporin insertion
- Increase Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion in collecting ducts (Correct answer)
- Decrease renin secretion from juxtaglomerular cells
- Reduce GFR by constricting afferent arterioles
Correct answer: Increase Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion in collecting ducts
Aldosterone upregulates Na+/K+-ATPase and ENaC channels in collecting duct principal cells, retaining Na+ and excreting K+.
Question 4: Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining oncotic pressure and preventing edema?
- Fibrinogen
- Globulins
- Albumin (Correct answer)
- Prothrombin
Correct answer: Albumin
Albumin, the most abundant plasma protein, exerts the greatest oncotic pressure, retaining fluid in the vascular compartment.
Question 5: During swallowing (deglutition), the epiglottis covers the glottis primarily to:
- Increase esophageal peristaltic force
- Prevent food and liquid from entering the larynx and trachea (Correct answer)
- Open the upper esophageal sphincter
- Stimulate salivary secretion
Correct answer: Prevent food and liquid from entering the larynx and trachea
The epiglottis folds backward over the glottis during swallowing to direct food into the esophagus and protect the airway.
Question 6: The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex secretes which hormone?
- Cortisol
- Aldosterone (Correct answer)
- Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
- Epinephrine
Correct answer: Aldosterone
The outermost zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, primarily aldosterone, which regulates sodium and potassium balance.
Question 7: Which component of the ECG represents ventricular repolarization?
- P wave
- QRS complex
- T wave (Correct answer)
- PR interval
Correct answer: T wave
The T wave reflects ventricular repolarization as ventricles return to their resting membrane potential after contraction.
B.Pharm. Bachelor of Pharmacy Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm.) Human Anatomy & Physiology 5
The exocrine secretion of the pancreas is delivered to the duodenum via the: