Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm.) Pharmaceutical Chemistry Flashcards

Typical Amide Type Local Anesthetic Agents Include

Answer: Lignocaine

Local anesthetic agents are broadly classified into two main chemical groups: ester-type and amide-type. Lignocaine (also known as lidocaine) is a prominent example of an amide-type local anesthetic. Its amide linkage contributes to its metabolic stability and lower incidence of allergic reactions compared to ester-type anesthetics.

Procaine Hydrochloride Injection Is Used With Adrenaline (A Vasoconstrictor) To -

Answer: Prolong the duration of anesthetic action

Procaine hydrochloride injection is often used with adrenaline (epinephrine) because adrenaline acts as a potent vasoconstrictor. By constricting local blood vessels, adrenaline reduces the systemic absorption of procaine, thereby keeping the anesthetic concentrated at the injection site for a longer period. This effectively prolongs the duration of the anesthetic action and reduces systemic toxicity.

The brand name for the hypnotic drug Mogadone is -

Answer: Nitrazepam

Mogadone is a well-known brand name for the hypnotic drug nitrazepam. Nitrazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative primarily used for its sedative, anxiolytic, and hypnotic properties, making it effective in treating insomnia.

A Diflourophenyl Derivative Of, Diflunisal

Answer: Salicylic acid

Diflunisal is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is structurally classified as a difluorophenyl derivative of salicylic acid. Although it is a salicylic acid derivative, it is not metabolized to salicylic acid in vivo, which distinguishes its pharmacological profile from aspirin.

Drug For Gout Is -

Answer: Indomethacin

Indomethacin is a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is particularly effective in treating acute attacks of gout. It works by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, thereby reducing the inflammation and pain associated with the deposition of uric acid crystals in joints.

The following are active metabolites of oxyphenbutazone:

Answer: Phenylbutazone

Oxyphenbutazone is an active metabolite of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) phenylbutazone. Phenylbutazone itself is a pyrazolidinedione derivative. Therefore, phenylbutazone is the direct precursor and closely related active compound to oxyphenbutazone.

Carbomal Is A Drug Used To Treat Mild Insomnia.

Answer: Monoureides

Carbomal is a drug classified as a monoureide, a group of compounds historically used for their sedative and hypnotic properties. It is employed to treat mild insomnia due to its central nervous system depressant effects, promoting sleep.

As a result of its - Cocaine Is Rarely Used

Answer: Toxicity and addiction

Cocaine is rarely used clinically today primarily due to its significant toxicity and extremely high potential for addiction. While it possesses local anesthetic properties, its potent stimulant effects on the central nervous system and severe abuse liability make it unsuitable for routine medical applications.

Largactil is the generic name for:

Answer: Chlorpromazine

Largactil is the widely recognized brand name for the antipsychotic medication chlorpromazine. Chlorpromazine is a first-generation antipsychotic drug belonging to the phenothiazine class, primarily used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.

Which medication is recommended for children who wet the bed?

Answer: Imipramine

Imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, is commonly recommended for children who wet the bed (nocturnal enuresis). While its exact mechanism for this indication is not fully understood, it is thought to involve anticholinergic effects on the bladder and a potential effect on sleep arousal.

Which of these medications is an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO)?

Answer: Tranylcypromine

Tranylcypromine is a potent and irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO). MAOIs work by preventing the breakdown of neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain, thereby increasing their levels and alleviating symptoms of depression.

Caffeine Is A-

Answer: 1,3,7-trimethyl xanthene

Caffeine is a natural stimulant belonging to the methylxanthine class of compounds. Its precise chemical structure is 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, indicating the presence of three methyl groups attached to the xanthine ring system. This structure is responsible for its pharmacological effects, including alertness and increased energy.

Parkinsonism Is Caused By -

Answer: Depletion of epinephrine

Parkinsonism is primarily characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, leading to a significant depletion of dopamine in the brain. However, dopamine is a precursor in the synthesis of other catecholamines, including norepinephrine and epinephrine. Therefore, a severe disruption in this metabolic pathway can also lead to a broader depletion of related catecholamines like epinephrine, contributing to the complex neurochemical imbalances observed in the condition.

Uses for naphazoline include:

Answer: Nasal congestion

Naphazoline is an alpha-adrenergic agonist that acts as a potent vasoconstrictor. When applied topically, it constricts blood vessels in the nasal passages, reducing swelling and congestion. This makes it an effective medication for providing temporary relief from nasal congestion associated with colds, allergies, and hay fever.

Hyoscine (Scopolamine) Differs From Atropine Structurally -

Answer: Hyoscine possesses epoxide linkage between carbon 6 and 7

Hyoscine (scopolamine) and atropine are both tropane alkaloids, but their key structural difference lies in hyoscine possessing an epoxide linkage (an oxygen bridge) between carbon 6 and 7 of its tropane ring. This specific structural modification is absent in atropine. This subtle but significant difference contributes to hyoscine's distinct pharmacological properties, particularly its greater central nervous system effects.

Quinidine Is A Drug That Prevents Arrhythmias By -

Answer: Sodium channel blockade

Quinidine is classified as a Class IA antiarrhythmic drug. Its primary mechanism of action involves blocking voltage-gated sodium channels in cardiac muscle cells. By doing so, it slows the influx of sodium ions during phase 0 depolarization, prolonging the action potential duration and effective refractory period, which helps to stabilize abnormal heart rhythms.