Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm.) Pharmaceutical Chemistry Flashcards
7 cards from real B.Pharm. Bachelor of Pharmacy practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm.) Pharmaceutical Chemistry flashcards as text
Which physicochemical property is described by Lipinski's Rule of Five for oral drug-likeness?
Answer: Molecular weight ≤500 Da, logP ≤5, H-bond donors ≤5, H-bond acceptors ≤10
Lipinski's Rule of Five states orally bioavailable drugs typically have MW ≤500, logP ≤5, H-bond donors ≤5, and H-bond acceptors ≤10.
What is the principal difference between a racemate and a meso compound?
Answer: A meso compound is optically inactive due to internal symmetry; a racemate is a 50:50 mixture of enantiomers
A meso compound is achiral due to an internal plane of symmetry, while a racemate is an equimolar mixture of two enantiomers.
Which spectroscopic technique is MOST useful for determining the three-dimensional structure of a drug molecule in solution?
Answer: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
NMR spectroscopy provides detailed information about connectivity, stereochemistry, and three-dimensional conformation of molecules in solution.
What is the purpose of a buffer system in a pharmaceutical formulation?
Answer: To maintain a constant pH and ensure drug stability and efficacy
Buffers resist changes in pH, protecting drug stability, preventing degradation, and ensuring consistent therapeutic effect.
In phase I metabolic reactions, which enzyme superfamily is primarily responsible for oxidative drug biotransformation?
Answer: Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes
Cytochrome P450 enzymes, predominantly in the liver, catalyze oxidative reactions such as hydroxylation and epoxidation in phase I drug metabolism.
Which chemical test is used to distinguish aldehydes from ketones using an ammoniacal silver nitrate solution?
Answer: Tollens' test
Tollens' test uses ammoniacal silver nitrate; aldehydes reduce Ag⁺ to metallic silver (silver mirror), while ketones do not react.
What structural modification converts morphine into heroin (diacetylmorphine)?
Answer: Acetylation of both hydroxyl groups
Heroin is formed by acetylating both the 3-OH and 6-OH groups of morphine, increasing lipophilicity and CNS penetration.