Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm.) Human Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
7 cards from real B.Pharm. Bachelor of Pharmacy practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm.) Human Anatomy & Physiology flashcards as text
Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by involuntary control and intercalated discs?
Answer: Cardiac muscle
Cardiac muscle is involuntary and has intercalated discs that allow rapid electrical conduction between cells.
The primary function of the nephron loop (loop of Henle) in the kidney is to:
Answer: Create an osmotic gradient in the medulla
The loop of Henle establishes a concentration gradient in the renal medulla that enables urine concentration.
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the majority of parasympathetic innervation to thoracic and abdominal organs?
Answer: Vagus (CN X)
The vagus nerve (CN X) carries parasympathetic fibers to the heart, lungs, and most abdominal viscera.
During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, rising estrogen levels primarily stimulate:
Answer: LH surge triggering ovulation
A sustained rise in estrogen triggers a positive feedback LH surge that induces ovulation around day 14.
Surfactant produced by type II pneumocytes in the lungs primarily functions to:
Answer: Reduce surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse
Surfactant lowers surface tension in alveoli, preventing their collapse at the end of expiration.
The sinoatrial (SA) node sets the heart rate by spontaneously depolarizing due to:
Answer: Slow inward Ca2+ current and reduced K+ outflow (funny current)
SA node pacemaker potential results from HCN channels (funny current) allowing Na+/Ca2+ influx and gradual K+ channel closure.
Which structure connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx and equalizes pressure across the tympanic membrane?
Answer: Eustachian (auditory) tube
The Eustachian tube equalizes pressure between the middle ear and atmosphere, important for proper hearing.