Pharmacology Flashcards
6 cards from real B.Pharm. Bachelor of Pharmacy practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Pharmacology flashcards as text
Which receptor type mediates the bronchodilatory effect of epinephrine in the lungs?
Answer: Beta-2 adrenergic
Epinephrine activates beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, causing relaxation and bronchodilation.
What is the primary mechanism of action of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)?
Answer: Irreversible inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
Aspirin irreversibly acetylates and inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis.
Which pharmacokinetic parameter describes the fraction of an administered drug that reaches systemic circulation unchanged?
Answer: Bioavailability
Bioavailability (F) is the fraction of an administered dose that reaches systemic circulation in its active form.
The therapeutic index of a drug is calculated as:
Answer: LD50 / ED50
The therapeutic index equals LD50 divided by ED50; a higher value indicates a wider margin of safety.
Which class of antihypertensive drugs acts by blocking angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)?
Answer: ACE inhibitors
ACE inhibitors (e.g., lisinopril, enalapril) block ACE, preventing conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, lowering blood pressure.
First-pass metabolism primarily occurs in which organ after oral drug administration?
Answer: Liver
The liver is the primary site of first-pass metabolism, where orally absorbed drugs undergo extensive biotransformation before reaching systemic circulation.