Pharmacology Flashcards
6 cards from real B.Pharm. Bachelor of Pharmacy practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Pharmacology flashcards as text
Which drug class is considered first-line for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Answer: Metformin (biguanides)
Metformin is the first-line pharmacological agent for type 2 diabetes due to its efficacy, safety profile, low cost, and cardiovascular benefits.
Statins lower cholesterol by inhibiting which enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway?
Answer: HMG-CoA reductase
Statins competitively inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in hepatic cholesterol synthesis, reducing LDL cholesterol levels.
Which antiepileptic drug works by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels to stabilize neuronal membranes?
Answer: Phenytoin
Phenytoin binds to and prolongs the inactivated state of voltage-gated sodium channels, preventing repetitive firing of neurons.
Tachyphylaxis refers to which pharmacological phenomenon?
Answer: Rapid decrease in drug effect with repeated exposure
Tachyphylaxis is the rapid onset of tolerance to a drug's effect, often due to receptor desensitization or depletion of neurotransmitter stores.
Which antifungal drug works by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis by targeting lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase?
Answer: Fluconazole
Fluconazole and other azole antifungals inhibit the CYP450-dependent enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase, blocking ergosterol synthesis in fungal cell membranes.
Competitive antagonists differ from non-competitive antagonists in that they:
Answer: Can be overcome by increasing agonist concentration
Competitive antagonists bind reversibly at the same site as the agonist; their effect can be surmounted by increasing agonist concentration, shifting the dose-response curve rightward without reducing Emax.