Pharmacology Flashcards
6 cards from real B.Pharm. Bachelor of Pharmacy practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Pharmacology flashcards as text
Which neurotransmitter is primarily depleted in Parkinson's disease, leading to motor deficits?
Answer: Dopamine
Parkinson's disease is characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, depleting dopamine and impairing motor control.
Opioid analgesics primarily exert their effects by binding to which receptor type?
Answer: Mu opioid receptors
Mu (μ) opioid receptors are the primary targets mediating analgesia, euphoria, and respiratory depression caused by opioid drugs.
Which drug is used as an antidote for acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose?
Answer: N-acetylcysteine
N-acetylcysteine replenishes hepatic glutathione stores, neutralizing the toxic metabolite NAPQI formed during acetaminophen overdose.
Beta-lactam antibiotics kill bacteria by inhibiting which process?
Answer: Cell wall synthesis
Beta-lactam antibiotics inhibit transpeptidase enzymes (penicillin-binding proteins), preventing cross-linking of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls.
Which type of drug interaction occurs when one drug increases the plasma concentration of another by inhibiting its metabolism?
Answer: Enzyme inhibition
Enzyme inhibition reduces hepatic CYP450-mediated metabolism of a co-administered drug, raising its plasma levels and potentially causing toxicity.
The loading dose of a drug is primarily determined by which pharmacokinetic parameter?
Answer: Volume of distribution
Loading dose is calculated as the desired plasma concentration multiplied by the volume of distribution (Vd), independent of clearance.