Microbiology & Immunology Flashcards
6 cards from real B.Pharm. Bachelor of Pharmacy practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Microbiology & Immunology flashcards as text
Which type of vaccine contains killed or inactivated pathogens?
Answer: Inactivated (killed) vaccine
Inactivated vaccines contain pathogens that have been killed by heat or chemicals, making them safe while still stimulating an immune response.
Biofilm formation by bacteria primarily contributes to:
Answer: Antibiotic resistance and persistent infections
Biofilms are structured bacterial communities encased in a polysaccharide matrix that protect bacteria from antibiotics, immune responses, and disinfectants.
Complement activation via the classical pathway is primarily initiated by:
Answer: Antigen-antibody (IgG/IgM) complexes
The classical complement pathway is activated when C1q binds to antigen-antibody complexes involving IgG or IgM, triggering the complement cascade.
Which class of antiviral agents works by inhibiting viral neuraminidase?
Answer: Neuraminidase inhibitors
Neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir) block the influenza neuraminidase enzyme, preventing the release and spread of new viral particles from infected cells.
Pasteurization of milk is primarily designed to eliminate:
Answer: Pathogenic non-spore-forming bacteria
Pasteurization uses mild heat (e.g., 72°C for 15 seconds in HTST) to kill pathogenic non-spore-forming bacteria like Listeria, Salmonella, and E. coli without sterilizing the product.
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation causing anaphylaxis?
Answer: Type I (immediate hypersensitivity)
Type I hypersensitivity involves IgE bound to mast cells; re-exposure to allergen cross-links IgE, triggering mast cell degranulation and histamine release causing anaphylaxis.