Microbiology & Immunology Flashcards
6 cards from real B.Pharm. Bachelor of Pharmacy practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Microbiology & Immunology flashcards as text
Which type of culture media supports the growth of most non-fastidious bacteria?
Answer: General purpose (nutrient) media
General purpose media like nutrient agar or tryptic soy agar provide basic nutritional requirements to support the growth of most non-fastidious bacteria.
Endotoxins are components of which bacterial cell structure?
Answer: Gram-negative outer membrane lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, released upon cell lysis and causing fever and septic shock.
Which sterilization method is most suitable for heat-labile pharmaceutical solutions?
Answer: Filtration through 0.22 μm membrane
Membrane filtration through 0.22 μm filters removes microorganisms from heat-sensitive solutions without exposing them to high temperatures.
MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) is defined as the lowest concentration of an antibiotic that:
Answer: Prevents visible bacterial growth
MIC is the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial agent that inhibits visible bacterial growth in a standardized susceptibility test.
Which immune cells are primarily responsible for cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens?
Answer: CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes
CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize and kill cells infected with intracellular pathogens (viruses, certain bacteria) by releasing perforin and granzymes.
The LAL (Limulus Amebocyte Lysate) test is used in pharmaceutical quality control to detect:
Answer: Bacterial endotoxins (pyrogens)
The LAL test uses lysate from horseshoe crab blood cells to detect bacterial endotoxins (LPS) in parenteral pharmaceutical products.