Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics Flashcards
6 cards from real B.Pharm. Bachelor of Pharmacy practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics flashcards as text
What is the recommended first-line antibiotic for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by E. coli in the US?
Answer: Nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Current US guidelines recommend nitrofurantoin (5 days) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (3 days) as first-line agents for uncomplicated UTIs due to efficacy and preserving fluoroquinolones.
Renal dose adjustment for medications is primarily necessary because the kidneys are responsible for:
Answer: Elimination of drugs and active metabolites
The kidneys eliminate many drugs and active metabolites through filtration, secretion, and reabsorption; impaired renal function reduces clearance and can lead to drug accumulation and toxicity.
Which medication counseling point is most important for patients taking oral bisphosphonates like alendronate?
Answer: Take on empty stomach and remain upright for 30 minutes
Oral bisphosphonates must be taken on an empty stomach with full water, and patients must remain upright for 30–60 minutes to prevent esophageal irritation and improve absorption.
The 'five rights' of medication administration are patient, medication, dose, route, and:
Answer: Time
The five rights of medication administration are: right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, and right time — a foundational safety framework.
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a well-known adverse effect of which antibiotic class?
Answer: Aminoglycosides
Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin) cause nephrotoxicity through accumulation in proximal tubular cells, requiring TDM and renal function monitoring.
In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which analgesic should be AVOIDED due to risk of further renal damage?
Answer: NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen)
NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin-mediated afferent arteriolar dilation in the kidney, reducing glomerular filtration and worsening renal function in CKD patients.