B.F. Bachelor of Forestry Bachelor of Forestry Forest Ecosystem 4

Question 1

Which index is most commonly used to quantify species diversity by combining richness and evenness?

Accepted Answer

Shannon-Wiener index (H')

Answer

Sorenson similarity index

Answer

Morisita-Horn index

Answer

Basal area index

Question 2

Forest fragmentation most directly threatens wildlife populations through which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Edge effects and reduced interior habitat

Answer

Increased soil erosion rates

Answer

Higher precipitation interception

Answer

Decreased litter decomposition

Question 3

Which nutrient is most commonly the primary limiting factor for tree growth in boreal forest ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen

Answer

Phosphorus

Answer

Potassium

Answer

Calcium

Question 4

What is the ecological function of coarse woody debris (CWD) on a forest floor?

Accepted Answer

It serves as habitat, moisture reservoir, and nutrient pool

Answer

It prevents seed germination of pioneer species

Answer

It reflects solar radiation to cool the understory

Answer

It primarily functions as a fire accelerant

Question 5

In a temperate deciduous forest, leaf litter decomposition is fastest under which conditions?

Accepted Answer

Warm, moist conditions with diverse invertebrate communities

Answer

Cold, dry winters with low fungal activity

Answer

High elevation with thin snowpack

Answer

Acidic pH below 4.0 with abundant conifer needles

Question 6

Which silvicultural concept describes the vertical layers of a forest from ground to canopy?

Accepted Answer

Stand stratification

Answer

Horizontal zonation

Answer

Lateral succession

Answer

Canopy closure index

Question 7

A watershed study shows that clear-cutting a forested catchment initially increases streamflow. What is the primary reason?

Accepted Answer

Removal of trees eliminates evapotranspiration

Answer

Logging roads compact soils and increase runoff velocity

Answer

Increased litter decomposition raises water table

Answer

Slash burning creates hydrophobic soil layers