AZ Bar Constitutional Law 3

Question 1

Under the Contract Clause, states are prohibited from enacting laws that:

Accepted Answer

Substantially impair existing private contract obligations without adequate justification

Answer

Impair future contracts between private parties

Answer

Regulate interest rates on consumer loans

Answer

Impose taxes on contractual income

Question 2

Which test does the Supreme Court use to determine whether a government action constitutes an establishment of religion?

Accepted Answer

The Lemon test and its progeny, including the endorsement test

Answer

The rational basis test

Answer

The compelling interest test

Answer

The balancing test from Sherbert v. Verner

Question 3

A state law that facially discriminates against interstate commerce will be upheld only if:

Accepted Answer

It is narrowly tailored to serve a compelling state interest and no nondiscriminatory alternatives exist

Answer

It serves a rational government interest

Answer

The affected industries consent to the regulation

Answer

The state can demonstrate a net economic benefit

Question 4

The right to privacy recognized in Griswold v. Connecticut is grounded in:

Accepted Answer

Penumbras and emanations of several Bill of Rights provisions

Answer

The explicit text of the Fourth Amendment

Answer

The Ninth Amendment alone

Answer

The Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment

Question 5

Under the Second Amendment, the Supreme Court held in District of Columbia v. Heller that:

Accepted Answer

Individuals have a right to keep handguns in the home for self-defense

Answer

The Second Amendment protects only a collective right tied to militia service

Answer

All firearms regulations are unconstitutional

Answer

States may ban handguns if they provide alternative self-defense options

Question 6

Standing to sue in federal court requires a plaintiff to show:

Accepted Answer

Injury in fact, causation, and redressability

Answer

A strong legal argument and a sympathetic plaintiff

Answer

A constitutional violation and economic harm

Answer

Congressional authorization to bring the claim