Welding Inspection, Testing & Quality Control Flashcards
7 cards from real AWS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Welding Inspection, Testing & Quality Control flashcards as text
What is 'cold cracking' (hydrogen-induced cracking) in welding primarily caused by?
Answer: Diffusible hydrogen, residual stress, and a susceptible microstructure
Hydrogen-induced cracking requires three factors: diffusible hydrogen in the weld, residual tensile stress, and a crack-susceptible martensitic or hard microstructure.
In visual weld inspection, what is 'overlap' (cold lap)?
Answer: Weld metal that extends beyond the weld toe without fusing to the base metal
Overlap occurs when molten weld metal flows over the base metal surface beyond the weld toe but fails to fuse with it, creating a mechanical notch.
Which specification governs qualification of welding procedures and welders for structural steel welding?
Answer: AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code – Steel
AWS D1.1 is the primary structural welding code for steel that covers procedure qualification, welder qualification, and inspection requirements for structural applications.
What type of weld profile defect is characterized by the weld face being below the surrounding base metal surface?
Answer: Concavity (underfill)
Concavity or underfill occurs when the weld face is below the plane of the base metal surface, indicating insufficient weld metal was deposited.
What does a CWI (Certified Welding Inspector) use an optical comparator or weld gauge for during inspection?
Answer: Verifying weld dimensions such as throat size, leg length, and reinforcement height
A weld gauge (optical comparator) allows the CWI to measure weld geometry including fillet weld leg size, throat, convexity, concavity, and groove weld reinforcement.
In ultrasonic testing, what is the 'dead zone'?
Answer: The region immediately below the test surface where indications cannot be detected due to the initial pulse
The dead zone is the region directly beneath the transducer where the initial pulse width prevents detection of reflectors, making near-surface defect detection difficult.
What is the purpose of a 'fillet weld break test'?
Answer: To check root penetration and internal soundness of a fillet weld by fracturing it
The fillet weld break test fractures the weld at the root to expose the internal cross-section for visual evaluation of fusion, penetration, and internal discontinuities.