AWS AWS Distortion Control & Residual Stress

Question 1

What is the primary cause of welding distortion?

Accepted Answer

Non-uniform heating and cooling creating unequal thermal expansion and contraction

Answer

Excessive shielding gas flow

Answer

Using too large a filler metal diameter

Answer

Welding at high travel speeds only

Question 2

Which technique involves bending a workpiece in the opposite direction before welding to compensate for expected angular distortion?

Accepted Answer

Presetting (preset)

Answer

Back-step welding

Answer

Peening

Answer

Balanced welding

Question 3

Which welding sequence technique reduces longitudinal shrinkage and distortion by dividing the weld into segments welded in the opposite direction to travel?

Accepted Answer

Back-step welding

Answer

Stringer bead technique

Answer

Cascade welding

Answer

Block welding

Question 4

What is 'angular distortion' in a butt-welded joint?

Accepted Answer

Rotation of the welded plates out of the original plane due to transverse shrinkage

Answer

Shrinkage along the length of the weld

Answer

Buckling of thin plate from compressive residual stresses

Answer

Lengthwise bowing of the weldment

Question 5

Which distortion control method involves applying heat to the opposite side of a distorted weld to straighten the part?

Accepted Answer

Flame (heat) straightening

Answer

Peening

Answer

Vibratory stress relief

Answer

Mechanical restraint

Question 6

Which approach most effectively minimizes distortion in a symmetrical butt joint with a double-V groove?

Accepted Answer

Alternating weld passes on both sides of the joint (balanced welding)

Answer

Welding all passes on one side first, then the other

Answer

Using the highest heat input possible

Answer

Welding in the overhead position only