HESI Admission Assessment (A2) Exam — Questions and Answers

Question 1: Which layer of the skin contains melanocytes responsible for producing pigment?

Stratum corneum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum basale (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Stratum basale

Melanocytes are located in the stratum basale (deepest layer of the epidermis), where they produce melanin and transfer it to surrounding keratinocytes to provide skin color and UV protection.

Question 2: A graphic in a passage shows infection rates rising over five years. This visual most directly supports a main idea about:

Staff scheduling
Hospital architecture
An increasing trend in infections (Correct answer)
The cost of treatment

Correct answer: An increasing trend in infections

A chart of rising rates over time supports a point about an increasing trend.

Question 3: Convert 0.65 to a fraction in lowest term

65\/100
1\/65
13\/20 (Correct answer)
20\/13

Correct answer: 13\/20

To convert the decimal 0.65 to a fraction in lowest terms, first write it as a fraction over 100: 65/100. Then, simplify the fraction by dividing both the numerator and the denominator by their greatest common divisor, which is 5. This reduces the fraction to 13/20.

Question 4: What is the hormone that assists estrogen in stimulating the formation of the endometrium?

luteinizing hormone
oxytocin
progesterone (Correct answer)
testosterone

Correct answer: progesterone

Progesterone is a key steroid hormone primarily produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation. It works in conjunction with estrogen to prepare the uterine lining (endometrium) for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. Progesterone stimulates the thickening and vascularization of the endometrium, making it receptive for pregnancy.

Question 5: Ligaments connect which two structures?

Muscle to bone
Bone to bone (Correct answer)
Muscle to muscle
Tendon to bone

Correct answer: Bone to bone

Ligaments are strong, fibrous bands of connective tissue that primarily connect bones to other bones. Their main function is to stabilize joints, limit excessive movement, and prevent dislocations. In contrast, tendons connect muscles to bones.

Question 6: What does the medical term 'tachycardia' mean?

Slow heart rate
Irregular heart rate
Absent heart rate
Rapid heart rate (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Rapid heart rate

Tachycardia means a rapid heart rate, typically defined as a resting heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute.

Question 7: What is the correct way to write the missing words in this sentence? The children learned that the ____ is sometimes considered a turning point of the war.

Siege Of Vicksburg
siege of vicksburg
siege of Vicksburg
Siege of Vicksburg (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Siege of Vicksburg

Specific historical events, battles, and wars are proper nouns and must be capitalized. 'Siege' is part of the specific name of the event, and 'Vicksburg' is a proper noun referring to a specific place. Prepositions like 'of' are generally not capitalized in titles or proper names unless they are the first or last word.

Question 8: What is the closest definition of the word occlude?

To revisit
To leave out
To close tightly (Correct answer)
To forget

Correct answer: To close tightly

To occlude means to stop, close up, or block an opening or passage. In a medical context, it often refers to the blockage of a blood vessel or duct, preventing the flow of blood or other fluids. For example, a blood clot can occlude an artery.

Question 9: Which of the following is the best definition of an author's 'tone'?

The author's attitude toward the subject (Correct answer)
The main idea of the text
The number of supporting details
The sequence of events

Correct answer: The author's attitude toward the subject

Tone refers to the writer's attitude or emotional stance toward the topic.

Question 10: Which of the following is a property of a buffer solution?

It resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added (Correct answer)
It always maintains a pH of exactly 7.0
It completely neutralizes any acid added to it
It only works in biological systems

Correct answer: It resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added

Buffer solutions resist pH changes when small amounts of acid or base are added, maintaining pH within a narrow range.

Question 11: Why does a helium balloon rise in air?

It repels gravity
It heats up the air around it
It has magnetic properties
It is lighter than air (Correct answer)

Correct answer: It is lighter than air

A helium balloon rises because helium gas is less dense than the surrounding air. According to Archimedes' principle, an object immersed in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Since the helium balloon displaces a volume of air that weighs more than the balloon itself (including the helium), it experiences a net upward force, causing it to rise.

Question 12: According to the same-name theory, there were only two things left after the "Big Bang"?

antimatter and matter (Correct answer)
electrons and neutrons
gravity and mass
time and space

Correct answer: antimatter and matter

According to the Big Bang theory, immediately after the Big Bang, the universe was an extremely hot and dense state where fundamental particles, including matter and antimatter, were created in nearly equal amounts. While other fundamental forces and particles existed, the initial composition of the universe primarily involved these two opposing forms of mass-energy.

Question 13: What is the most abundant element in Earth’s crust?

Hydrogen
Carbon
Oxygen (Correct answer)
Nitrogen

Correct answer: Oxygen

Oxygen is the most abundant element found in Earth's crust. It is primarily present in various silicate minerals, which make up a significant portion of the crust's composition.

Question 14: When a passage contains both facts and the author's interpretation, a careful reader should:

Ignore the facts
Read only the opinions
Distinguish facts from opinions (Correct answer)
Accept everything as fact

Correct answer: Distinguish facts from opinions

Critical reading requires separating verifiable facts from the author's opinions.

Question 15: What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?

Genetic information storage
Cell division
Energy production (Correct answer)
Protein synthesis

Correct answer: Energy production

The primary function of the mitochondria in a cell is energy production. Often called the 'powerhouses' of the cell, mitochondria generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions. They achieve this through cellular respiration, converting nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the main energy currency used by the cell for various functions.

Question 16: The process by which white blood cells move out of capillaries into surrounding tissue is called:

Pinocytosis
Diapedesis (Correct answer)
Chemotaxis
Phagocytosis

Correct answer: Diapedesis

Diapedesis (also called extravasation) is the process by which leukocytes squeeze through the walls of capillaries to reach the site of infection or injury in surrounding tissues.

Question 17: During DNA replication, which enzyme unwinds the double helix at the replication fork?

Primase
Helicase (Correct answer)
DNA polymerase
Ligase

Correct answer: Helicase

Helicase unwinds the double-stranded DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs at the replication fork.

Question 18: During meiosis, genetic diversity is increased by the exchange of segments between homologous chromosomes. What is this process called?

Crossing over (Correct answer)
Nondisjunction
Cytokinesis
Independent assortment

Correct answer: Crossing over

Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material at points called chiasmata.

Question 19: The average speed of a high velocity train is 200 kilometers per hour. The distance between Paris and Naples is 7,346 km (1 mile = 1.609 km). How long will the trip take? (Round to the nearest whole number).

36.73 hours
3.8 hours
37 hours (Correct answer)
38 hours

Correct answer: 37 hours

To find the time the trip will take, use the formula Time = Distance / Speed. The distance is 7,346 km and the speed is 200 km/h. Divide 7,346 by 200, which equals 36.73 hours. Rounding 36.73 to the nearest whole number gives 37 hours. The information about miles to kilometers is extraneous for this calculation.

Question 20: A reader concludes that a character is nervous because the text describes 'trembling hands and a shaky voice.' This is an example of:

Stating a direct fact
Counting syllables
Drawing an inference (Correct answer)
Identifying the title

Correct answer: Drawing an inference

Using described physical details to conclude the character's emotion is making an inference.

Question 21: Convert 3/5 to a decimal.

0.06
1.6
3.50
0.6 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 0.6

To convert a fraction to a decimal, simply divide the numerator by the denominator. For the fraction 3/5, divide 3 by 5. The result of this division is 0.6.

Question 22: When a care plan states a patient is 'ambulatory,' it means the patient is:

Receiving intravenous fluids
Scheduled for surgery
Able to walk (Correct answer)
Confined to bed rest

Correct answer: Able to walk

'Ambulatory' derives from the Latin 'ambulare,' meaning to walk. An ambulatory patient is capable of walking and does not require a stretcher or bed transport.

Question 23: In degrees Celsius, a typical human body temperature is

33 degrees
38 degrees
37 degrees (Correct answer)
35 degrees

Correct answer: 37 degrees

The typical normal human body temperature is approximately 37 degrees Celsius (or 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit). This is the average temperature at which the body's metabolic processes function optimally. Slight variations can occur, but 37°C is the widely accepted standard.

Question 24: Which of the following best describes a valid conclusion drawn from a passage?

A random opinion
The author's name
A judgment supported by the text's evidence (Correct answer)
A guess unrelated to the text

Correct answer: A judgment supported by the text's evidence

A valid conclusion must be logically supported by evidence in the passage.

Question 25: In 'Her explanation was lucid, leaving no room for confusion,' the word 'lucid' means:

Clear and easy to understand (Correct answer)
Confusing and vague
Loud and forceful
Long and detailed

Correct answer: Clear and easy to understand

'Leaving no room for confusion' shows that 'lucid' means clear and understandable.

Question 26: Multiply 1.25 x 2.0

0.250
2.50 (Correct answer)
25.0
250.0

Correct answer: 2.50

To multiply decimals, perform the multiplication as you would with whole numbers, ignoring the decimal points initially. Then, count the total number of decimal places in the numbers being multiplied and place the decimal point in the product so it has that same total number of decimal places. For 1.25 x 2.0, multiply 125 by 2 to get 250. Since 1.25 has two decimal places and 2.0 has one, the product needs three decimal places, resulting in 2.500, which simplifies to 2.50.

Question 27: What is meant by the word optic?

The mouth or tasting
The eye or vision (Correct answer)
The nose or smelling
The ear or hearing

Correct answer: The eye or vision

The word 'optic' is derived from the Greek word 'optikos,' meaning 'of or for sight.' It is consistently used in medical and anatomical contexts to refer to the eye or the sense of vision. Examples include the optic nerve, which transmits visual information, and optics, the scientific study of light and vision.

Question 28: A passage is organized around a difficulty and a recommended fix. This structure is called:

Description
Problem and solution (Correct answer)
Sequence
Compare and contrast

Correct answer: Problem and solution

Presenting an issue followed by a remedy is the problem-and-solution structure.

Question 29: My dearest friend was in a terrible automobile accident last Sunday night that left him hurt ____________.

worst
bad
baddest
badly (Correct answer)

Correct answer: badly

'Badly' is an adverb that correctly modifies the verb 'hurt,' describing the extent or manner of the injury. 'Bad' is an adjective and should not be used to modify a verb. Therefore, 'hurt badly' is the grammatically correct way to express the severity of the injury.

Question 30: A passage states, 'The committee's proposal, while ambitious, lacked the funding necessary to succeed.' What is the author's attitude toward the proposal?

Indifferent and detached
Enthusiastically supportive
Completely dismissive
Skeptical of its feasibility (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Skeptical of its feasibility

The phrase 'lacked the funding necessary to succeed' signals doubt about whether the proposal can work.

Question 31: Which of the following best describes a hypertonic solution relative to a cell?

Equal solute concentration, no net water movement
Higher solute concentration outside, water leaves the cell (Correct answer)
Lower solute concentration outside, cell swells
No solutes present in the solution

Correct answer: Higher solute concentration outside, water leaves the cell

In a hypertonic environment water moves out, causing the cell to shrink.

Question 32: A human weighs 76 kg. What is this person's weight on the earth?

455 N
690 N
820 N
745 N (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 745 N

Weight is the force of gravity acting on an object's mass. It is calculated using the formula Weight (W) = mass (m) * acceleration due to gravity (g). On Earth, the approximate value for g is 9.8 m/s². Therefore, W = 76 kg * 9.8 m/s² = 744.8 N, which rounds to 745 N.

Question 33: A nurse anticipates a potential complication before it occurs. This proactive thinking is called:

Reactive care
Passive observation
Routine charting
Anticipatory clinical reasoning (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Anticipatory clinical reasoning

Anticipating complications reflects anticipatory clinical reasoning.

Question 34: During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles?

Metaphase
Anaphase (Correct answer)
Prophase
Telophase

Correct answer: Anaphase

In anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite spindle poles.

Question 35: Which of the following is the best definition of the word languid?

Depressed
Sluggish (Correct answer)
Warm
Talkative

Correct answer: Sluggish

The word 'languid' describes a person or manner that is slow and relaxed, or lacking in vigor or energy. It suggests a state of weariness, listlessness, or a general lack of enthusiasm. Therefore, 'sluggish' is the best definition, as it implies a lack of energy and slow movement.

Question 36: How many types of basic tissues does a human have?

25
14
4 (Correct answer)
8

Correct answer: 4

The human body is organized into four fundamental types of tissues, each with specialized structures and functions. These are epithelial tissue (for covering and lining), connective tissue (for support and binding), muscle tissue (for movement), and nervous tissue (for communication and control). These basic tissues combine to form organs and organ systems.

Question 37: If you double the velocity of an object, what happens to its kinetic energy?

It halves
It quadruples (Correct answer)
It stays the same
It doubles

Correct answer: It quadruples

Kinetic energy (KE) is calculated using the formula KE = 0.5 * m * v², where m is mass and v is velocity. If you double the velocity (2v), the new kinetic energy becomes 0.5 * m * (2v)² = 0.5 * m * 4v² = 4 * (0.5 * m * v²). Therefore, doubling the velocity quadruples the kinetic energy.

Question 38: What is 5 percent of 50?

250
0.25
25
2.5 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 2.5

To find a percentage of a number, first convert the percentage to a decimal by dividing by 100. So, 5% becomes 0.05. Then, multiply this decimal by the given number: 0.05 × 50. This calculation yields 2.5, which is 5 percent of 50.

Question 39: Who discovered the special theory of relativity?

James Chadwick
Max Plank
Albert Einstein (Correct answer)
Alfred Nobel

Correct answer: Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein is credited with developing the special theory of relativity, which he published in 1905. This revolutionary theory established that the laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers and that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant for everyone.

Question 40: Which organ produces bile and is responsible for detoxification of drugs and alcohol?

Spleen
Liver (Correct answer)
Pancreas
Gallbladder

Correct answer: Liver

The liver produces bile for fat digestion and serves as the body's primary detoxification organ, metabolizing drugs, alcohol, and toxins.

Question 41: A reader encounters an unfamiliar word but understands it from the surrounding sentence. The reader used:

A glossary index
Context clues (Correct answer)
The page number
The title only

Correct answer: Context clues

Determining meaning from surrounding text is the use of context clues.

Question 42: A passage presents two sides of an argument and then favors one. What is the author most likely trying to do?

Provide a recipe
Tell a fictional story
List random facts
Persuade the reader (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Persuade the reader

Presenting sides and favoring one is a persuasive technique meant to convince the reader.

Question 43: What is the length of a kilometer in meters?

15
1000 (Correct answer)
20
100

Correct answer: 1000

The prefix 'kilo-' in the metric system universally denotes a factor of 1,000. Therefore, one kilometer is equivalent to 1,000 meters. This is a fundamental unit conversion in the metric system for length.

Question 44: Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?

Cerebrum
Medulla oblongata
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Cerebellum

The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements and maintains balance.

Question 45: Miguel wants to get cheaper gas, so he drives out of his way to buy gas at $2.50 instead of $2.75 at his local station. If he needs 15.5 gallons to fill his SUV, how much did he save by going to the less expensive station? (Round to the nearest hundredth).

$3.87
$3.00
$3.875
$3.88 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: $3.88

First, calculate the savings per gallon by subtracting the cheaper price from the regular price: $2.75 - $2.50 = $0.25. Next, multiply this per-gallon saving by the total number of gallons Miguel needs: $0.25 × 15.5 gallons = $3.875. Finally, round the total savings to the nearest hundredth, which results in $3.88.

Question 46: The word 'bilateral' means:

On one side of the body
On the front of the body
On both sides of the body (Correct answer)
On the back of the body

Correct answer: On both sides of the body

'Bilateral' means pertaining to or affecting both sides, from 'bi' (two) and 'lateral' (side).

Question 47: Which of the following best defines a supporting detail?

Unrelated facts
Examples or facts that support the main idea (Correct answer)
Repeated information
A personal opinion

Correct answer: Examples or facts that support the main idea

A supporting detail is a specific piece of information, such as an example, fact, statistic, or description, that serves to elaborate on and provide evidence for the main idea of a passage. These details strengthen the author's argument or explanation, making the central point more understandable, credible, and convincing. Without them, the main idea would lack substantiation.

Question 48: Two-thirds of an ounce of liquid is contained in a sample. What is the volume in milliliters (mL)?

35 mL
25 mL
20 mL (Correct answer)
5 mL

Correct answer: 20 mL

To convert ounces to milliliters, use the conversion factor that 1 ounce is approximately equal to 29.5735 mL. Therefore, two-thirds of an ounce is (2/3) * 29.5735 mL, which calculates to approximately 19.715 mL. Rounding this to the nearest whole number, or using a common approximation of 1 oz ≈ 30 mL, gives 20 mL.

Question 49: What does the prefix 'poly-' mean?

One or single
Two or double
Many or multiple (Correct answer)
Half or partial

Correct answer: Many or multiple

'Poly-' means many or multiple, as in polyuria (excessive urine production) or polyneuropathy (disease affecting many nerves).

Question 50: What does the prefix 'osteo-' refer to?

Bone (Correct answer)
Joint
Muscle
Blood vessel

Correct answer: Bone

'Osteo-' means bone, as in osteoporosis (reduction in bone density).

Question 51: Which of the following elements does not appear on the periodic table?

Phosphorous
Chlorine
Magnesium oxide (Correct answer)
Bromine

Correct answer: Magnesium oxide

The periodic table lists all known chemical elements. Chlorine, Bromine, and Phosphorous are all individual elements found on this table. Magnesium oxide (MgO), however, is a chemical compound formed from the elements Magnesium (Mg) and Oxygen (O), not an element itself, and thus does not appear on the periodic table.

Question 52: What is the name of the tube that links the larynx to the bronchi?

Trachea (Correct answer)
Diaphragm
Pharynx
Alveoli

Correct answer: Trachea

The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a cartilaginous tube that serves as the main airway to the lungs. It extends from the larynx (voice box) down into the chest cavity, where it branches into two main bronchi. This structure ensures a clear passage for air to travel to and from the lungs.

Question 53: What is the largest organ of the human body?

Brain
Liver
Lungs
Skin (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Skin

The skin is the body's largest organ by surface area and weight.

Question 54: Which word most nearly means enervate?

Debilitate (Correct answer)
Energize
Fortify
Rectify

Correct answer: Debilitate

To enervate means to cause someone to feel drained of energy or vitality; to weaken or debilitate. It implies a loss of strength or vigor, making 'debilitate' the closest synonym. The word describes a process of sapping energy or making someone feeble.

Question 55: The term 'tachycardia' means:

Abnormally slow heart rate
Irregular heart rhythm
Absent heartbeat
Abnormally fast heart rate (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Abnormally fast heart rate

'Tachy-' means fast and 'cardia' means heart, so tachycardia is an abnormally fast heart rate.

Question 56: A patient education brochure says, 'Take this medication with food to reduce stomach upset.' What is the primary purpose of this statement?

To entertain the reader
To give instructions (Correct answer)
To describe a scene
To persuade the reader to buy

Correct answer: To give instructions

The sentence directs the reader on how to take the medication, making it instructional.

Question 57: What is the regular time for the given military time: 0507?

5:07 P.M
5:07 A.M (Correct answer)
7:07 P.M
7:05 A.M

Correct answer: 5:07 A.M

In military time, the first two digits represent the hour and the last two represent the minutes. Since 0507 has an hour value (05) less than 12, it indicates A.M. The 05 corresponds to 5 A.M., and 07 corresponds to 7 minutes. Therefore, 0507 military time is 5:07 A.M.

Question 58: What is the atomic number of an unknown element with 45 protons and an atomic mass of 64?

Cannot be determined
22
64
45 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 45

The atomic number of an element is defined by the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Since the unknown element has 45 protons, its atomic number is 45. The atomic mass, which is the sum of protons and neutrons, does not change the atomic number itself.

Question 59: Which of the following is not produced by an exocrine gland?

Digestive enzymes
Saliva
Milk
Adrenaline (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Adrenaline

Exocrine glands secrete their products, such as milk, digestive enzymes, or saliva, into ducts that lead to an external surface or internal cavity. Adrenaline (epinephrine) is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, which are endocrine glands. Endocrine glands release their secretions (hormones) directly into the bloodstream, without using ducts.

Question 60: After my car was repaired, it ____________ again.

ran well (Correct answer)
ran good
ran more well
None of the above

Correct answer: ran well

'Well' is an adverb that correctly modifies the verb 'ran,' describing the manner in which the car performed. 'Good' is an adjective and should not be used to modify a verb. Therefore, 'ran well' is the grammatically correct and appropriate phrasing.

Question 61: The suffix '-ectomy' refers to:

Surgical removal (Correct answer)
Disease of
Incision into
Inflammation

Correct answer: Surgical removal

'-Ectomy' comes from Greek and means surgical removal, as in appendectomy (removal of the appendix).

Question 62: Read the following: 'The hypothalamus regulates body temperature through a negative feedback mechanism. When body temperature rises above the set point, vasodilation and sweating are triggered. When it falls below, vasoconstriction and shivering occur.' What is the author's primary purpose?

To compare the hypothalamus to a thermostat
To explain the mechanism of temperature regulation (Correct answer)
To describe symptoms of hypothermia
To argue that the hypothalamus is the most important brain structure

Correct answer: To explain the mechanism of temperature regulation

The passage objectively explains how the hypothalamus regulates temperature through negative feedback, without making arguments or comparisons.

Question 63: Which of the following is the best definition of the word illustrious?

eminent (Correct answer)
shiny
tarnished
vain

Correct answer: eminent

The word 'illustrious' means well known, respected, and admired for past achievements. It describes someone or something famous and distinguished, often due to their accomplishments or reputation. Therefore, 'eminent' is the closest synonym, as it also refers to someone prominent and highly regarded.

Question 64: What is the atomic number of an element determined by?

Number of electrons plus neutrons
Number of neutrons
Atomic mass
Number of protons (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Number of protons

The atomic number equals the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

Question 65: Which of the following would produce Hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution and would turn a litmus test from blue to red?

Ammonia
Detergent
Lye
Vinegar (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Vinegar

Acids are substances that produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in an aqueous solution and turn blue litmus paper red. Vinegar contains acetic acid, which exhibits these properties. Ammonia, lye, and detergent are bases, which produce hydroxide ions (OH-) and turn red litmus blue.

Question 66: Which of the following correctly orders the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Organ, tissue, cell, organ system
Organ system, organ, tissue, cell
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system (Correct answer)
Tissue, cell, organ system, organ

Correct answer: Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Cells form tissues, tissues form organs, and organs form organ systems.

Question 67: What does the prefix 'hypo-' indicate?

Around
Against
Above normal
Below normal (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Below normal

The prefix 'hypo-' means below, under, or less than normal, as in hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) or hypotension (low blood pressure).

Question 68: Solve for x: 44:68::x: 236 (Round to the nearest tenth).

x= 135
x= 155.53
x= 88.65
x=152.7 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: x=152.7

The problem presents a proportion: 44:68::x:236, which can be written as 44/68 = x/236. To solve for x, cross-multiply, giving 44 * 236 = 68 * x. This simplifies to 10384 = 68x. Dividing 10384 by 68 gives x ≈ 152.70588. Rounding to the nearest tenth, x is 152.7.

Question 69: Which clue helps identify the meaning of a word through contrast?

Punctuation marks
The length of the sentence
Words like 'however' or 'unlike' (Correct answer)
The title of the passage

Correct answer: Words like 'however' or 'unlike'

Words like 'however,' 'unlike,' 'but,' 'in contrast,' or 'on the other hand' are crucial contrast clues that help identify the meaning of an unfamiliar word. These signal words indicate that the information following them will present an opposite or different idea from what was previously stated. By understanding this opposition, readers can infer the meaning of the unknown term.

Question 70: The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in which chamber of the heart?

Left atrium
Right atrium (Correct answer)
Left ventricle
Right ventricle

Correct answer: Right atrium

The SA node, the heart's natural pacemaker, is located in the upper wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava.

Question 71: What is the closest definition of biopsy?

Conduct an interview
Remove for observation or study (Correct answer)
Enter a conversation
Administer a written test

Correct answer: Remove for observation or study

A biopsy is a medical procedure involving the removal of tissue or cells from a living body. This sample is then sent to a laboratory for microscopic examination and study. The purpose is to diagnose diseases, especially cancer, or to determine the extent of a condition.

Question 72: If medication is given 'bilaterally,' it affects:

Both sides (Correct answer)
One side only
The center
The lower half

Correct answer: Both sides

Bilaterally means relating to or affecting both sides.

Question 73: When hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in a neutralization reaction, what are the products?

Na metal and HClO
NaOH and Cl₂
H₂ gas and NaCl
NaCl and H₂O (Correct answer)

Correct answer: NaCl and H₂O

Acid–base neutralization produces a salt and water. HCl + NaOH → NaCl (salt) + H₂O.

Question 74: The alarm needs to be loud enough for all students to ____________.

heard
hear (Correct answer)
here
listen

Correct answer: hear

'Hear' means to perceive sound with the ear, which is the correct verb to describe students perceiving the alarm. 'Here' is an adverb indicating location. 'Heard' is the past tense of 'hear.' 'Listen' implies intentional effort to perceive sound, whereas 'hear' refers to the ability to perceive it.

Question 75: Which of the following is the closest definition of the word succinct?

Old
Angry
Sweet
Short (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Short

The word 'succinct' means expressed clearly and precisely in few words; concise. It emphasizes brevity and clarity in communication, getting straight to the point without unnecessary detail. Therefore, 'short' is the most direct and accurate definition, implying conciseness.

Question 76: Neither of the flower bouquets ____________ as full as the one we purchased yesterday.

are
being
were
is (Correct answer)

Correct answer: is

The subject of the sentence is 'Neither,' which is a singular indefinite pronoun. When 'neither' acts as the subject, the verb must agree with it in the singular form. Therefore, 'is' is the correct singular verb to use, making the sentence grammatically sound.

Question 77: Which punctuation mark would correctly fill in the blank space? After standing in the rain for nearly half an hour _____ Dawn decided she was not going to wait on Mike any longer.

a colon
a semicolon
no punctuation necessary
a comma (Correct answer)

Correct answer: a comma

A comma is used to separate an introductory phrase or clause from the main independent clause of a sentence. 'After standing in the rain for nearly half an hour' is an introductory participial phrase that sets the context for the main action, 'Dawn decided she was not going to wait on Mike any longer,' and thus requires a comma after it.

Question 78: Which organ system is primarily responsible for transporting nutrients and oxygen?

Excretory system
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Circulatory system (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Circulatory system

The circulatory system, composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, is specifically designed to transport essential substances throughout the body. Its primary role is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to all cells and remove metabolic waste products like carbon dioxide, ensuring proper cellular function.

Question 79: Which process converts glucose into pyruvate in the cytoplasm without requiring oxygen?

Electron transport chain
Glycolysis (Correct answer)
Photosynthesis
Krebs cycle

Correct answer: Glycolysis

Glycolysis breaks glucose into two pyruvate molecules in the cytosol anaerobically.

Question 80: What definition is best associated with the word anastomosis?

Tearing
Removal
Connection (Correct answer)
Separation

Correct answer: Connection

In medicine, an 'anastomosis' refers to a surgical connection made between two hollow or tubular structures, such as blood vessels or loops of intestine. It can also refer to a natural connection between two vessels or parts. Therefore, 'connection' is the most accurate and encompassing definition of this term.

Question 81: What is the body's biggest organ?

brain
stomach
lungs
skin (Correct answer)

Correct answer: skin

The skin is the largest organ of the human body, both in terms of surface area and weight. It forms a protective barrier against the environment, regulates body temperature, and performs various sensory and metabolic functions. While the lungs, stomach, and brain are vital organs, they are not as large as the skin.

Question 82: What is a summary?

A short version highlighting key ideas (Correct answer)
A detailed analysis
The first paragraph only
A list of vocabulary words

Correct answer: A short version highlighting key ideas

A summary is a concise restatement of the main points or key ideas of a longer text, presented in one's own words. Its purpose is to capture the essence of the original material, highlighting only the most important information without including minor details or personal opinions. Summarizing demonstrates comprehension and allows for quick recall of essential content.

Question 83: Joy learned a new song to play on the guitar, and it sounds ____________.

Loveliest
More beautiful
Lovely (Correct answer)
Beautifully

Correct answer: Lovely

The verb 'sounds' in this sentence is a linking verb, which connects the subject ('it,' referring to the song) to a word that describes or renames the subject. Linking verbs should be followed by an adjective, not an adverb. 'Lovely' is an adjective that correctly describes the quality of the song.

Question 84: What is the tone of a passage?

The length of the passage
The author’s attitude or mood (Correct answer)
The text's font style
The number of paragraphs

Correct answer: The author’s attitude or mood

The tone of a passage refers to the author's attitude or emotional stance towards the subject matter or the audience. It is conveyed through specific word choices, sentence structure, and overall writing style, influencing how the reader perceives the text's message. Recognizing the tone helps readers understand the author's perspective and the underlying mood of the writing.

Question 85: A survey firm must make phone calls to 136 people. To make the 136 long-distance calls, how many buttons must be pressed?

1360 (Correct answer)
1600
1300
800

Correct answer: 1360

This question assumes a standard number of buttons pressed for each long-distance phone call. If each call requires 10 button presses (e.g., '1' + area code + 7-digit number), then for 136 calls, the total number of button presses would be 136 calls * 10 buttons/call, which equals 1360 buttons.

Question 86: Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in the cell?

Lysosome
Mitochondrion (Correct answer)
Golgi apparatus
Ribosome

Correct answer: Mitochondrion

Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 87: Which of the following states of matter has a definite volume?

Gas and solid
Gas, liquid, and volume
Liquid and solid (Correct answer)
Gas and liquid

Correct answer: Liquid and solid

Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume because their particles are tightly packed in fixed positions. Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container, as their particles are close but can move past each other. Gases, however, have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume, expanding to fill any container.

Question 88: What is the number of monosaccharides in an oligosaccharide?

Ten or more
Three to six (Correct answer)
One
Two or Three

Correct answer: Three to six

An oligosaccharide is a carbohydrate composed of a relatively small number of monosaccharide units linked together. The prefix "oligo-" means "few," and in biochemistry, it typically refers to chains containing between three and ten monosaccharide units. Among the given options, "three to six" best fits this definition, representing a small chain of sugar molecules.

Question 89: In 'The benign tumor required monitoring but posed no immediate danger,' the word 'benign' most nearly means:

Contagious
Harmless (Correct answer)
Painful
Aggressive

Correct answer: Harmless

Posing 'no immediate danger' clarifies that 'benign' means harmless.

Question 90: Choose the correct verb form: Each of the nursing students ____ required to complete a clinical rotation.

are
were
is (Correct answer)
have been

Correct answer: is

'Each' is an indefinite pronoun that always takes a singular verb. Even when followed by a prepositional phrase like 'of the nursing students,' the verb must agree with 'each,' not 'students.' Therefore, 'is' is correct.

Question 91: A cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes does each resulting gamete contain?

46
23 (Correct answer)
92
12

Correct answer: 23

Meiosis halves the chromosome number, producing haploid gametes with 23 chromosomes.

Question 92: A passage compares two pain management approaches: 'Pharmacological interventions provide rapid, measurable relief but carry risks of dependency and side effects. Non-pharmacological approaches such as guided imagery, massage, and music therapy offer holistic benefits with minimal risk, though their efficacy varies among individuals.' Which organizational pattern is used?

Compare and contrast (Correct answer)
Chronological order
Problem and solution
Spatial organization

Correct answer: Compare and contrast

The passage directly compares two approaches by presenting the advantages and disadvantages of each, which is the compare-and-contrast pattern.

Question 93: Which type of bond forms when electrons are transferred from a metal to a nonmetal?

Metallic
Covalent
Hydrogen
Ionic (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Ionic

Ionic bonds form when electrons transfer from a metal to a nonmetal, creating charged ions.

Question 94: 45.\t5 1\/2 divide by 2 1\/2

2.0
21
2 3\/4
2 1\/5 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 2 1\/5

To divide mixed numbers, first convert them into improper fractions. 5 1/2 becomes 11/2, and 2 1/2 becomes 5/2. Then, multiply the first fraction by the reciprocal of the second fraction: (11/2) * (2/5). The 2s cancel out, leaving 11/5. Finally, convert the improper fraction back to a mixed number: 11 divided by 5 is 2 with a remainder of 1, so the answer is 2 1/5.

Question 95: Which of the following is true regarding the way light travels?

The speed of light is always the same regardless of the medium through which it travels
Light can not travel through a vacuum
Light travels as both a wave and a particle (Correct answer)
Sound travels faster than light

Correct answer: Light travels as both a wave and a particle

Light exhibits wave-particle duality, meaning it behaves as both a wave and a particle. It demonstrates wave-like properties such as diffraction and interference, while also acting as discrete packets of energy called photons, which are particles. This dual nature is a fundamental concept in quantum physics.

Question 96: Two atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called:

Isomers
Isotopes (Correct answer)
Allotropes
Ions

Correct answer: Isotopes

Isotopes are atoms of the same element (same atomic number/protons) that differ in their number of neutrons, giving them different mass numbers.

Question 97: In the sentence 'The nurse was meticulous, checking every detail twice,' the word 'meticulous' most nearly means:

Tired and bored
Friendly and warm
Careful and precise (Correct answer)
Careless and rushed

Correct answer: Careful and precise

Checking every detail twice shows careful, precise attention, defining 'meticulous.'

Question 98: A passage reads: 'While antibiotics have saved countless lives since their discovery, their overuse has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as MRSA. Public health experts warn that without significant changes in prescribing practices, we may enter a post-antibiotic era.' The tone of this passage is best described as:

Hostile and accusatory
Cautionary and concerned (Correct answer)
Optimistic and encouraging
Neutral and indifferent

Correct answer: Cautionary and concerned

The passage acknowledges benefits but emphasizes risks with warning language ('warn,' 'post-antibiotic era'), creating a cautionary and concerned tone.

Question 99: What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration [H+] of 1 x 10^-4 M?

2
4 (Correct answer)
14
10

Correct answer: 4

pH = -log[H+] = -log(1 x 10^-4) = 4. This solution is acidic since the pH is below 7.

Question 100: The suffix '-scopy' means:

Surgical incision
Visual examination (Correct answer)
Disease process
Surgical removal

Correct answer: Visual examination

'-Scopy' means visual examination, as in endoscopy (visual examination of the interior of the body).

Question 101: Which of the following words refers to being near to the body's trunk?

Superficial
Distal
Proximal (Correct answer)
None of the above

Correct answer: Proximal

In anatomical terminology, 'proximal' describes a position that is closer to the point of origin or attachment of a body part to the trunk. For example, the shoulder is proximal to the elbow, and the elbow is proximal to the wrist. This term is used to indicate relative closeness along a limb or structure.

Question 102: Which strategy is best when encountering an unfamiliar word?

Look at surrounding words for clues (Correct answer)
Ignore it if it’s not a noun
Skip the word entirely
Guess its meaning randomly

Correct answer: Look at surrounding words for clues

When encountering an unfamiliar word, the most effective strategy is to use context clues by looking at the surrounding words, sentences, and paragraphs. These clues often provide definitions, synonyms, antonyms, or examples that help readers deduce the word's meaning without interrupting their reading flow. This approach enhances comprehension and vocabulary development.

Question 103: What type of energy is stored in a compressed spring?

Gravitational energy
Elastic potential energy (Correct answer)
Thermal energy
Kinetic energy

Correct answer: Elastic potential energy

Elastic potential energy is the energy stored in an elastic material, such as a spring, when it is deformed (stretched or compressed) from its equilibrium position. This stored energy has the potential to do work and will be converted into kinetic energy when the spring is released.

Question 104: What is produced when mRNA is translated at the ribosome?

DNA
More mRNA
A lipid
A protein (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A protein

Translation reads mRNA codons to assemble a chain of amino acids into a protein.

Question 105: The quantity stated in units of magnitude and is described simply by a numeric value.

Scalar Quantity (Correct answer)
Average Speed
Average Velocity
Force

Correct answer: Scalar Quantity

A scalar quantity is a physical quantity that is fully described by its magnitude (a numerical value) alone. It does not have a direction associated with it. Examples include mass, temperature, time, and speed, which are simply described by a number and a unit.

Question 106: Solve the equation for m: 2m + 1 = -3m - 1

0
2\/5
-2\/5 (Correct answer)
-5\/2

Correct answer: -2\/5

To solve the equation 2m + 1 = -3m - 1 for m, first gather all terms with 'm' on one side and constant terms on the other. Add 3m to both sides to get 5m + 1 = -1. Next, subtract 1 from both sides, resulting in 5m = -2. Finally, divide both sides by 5 to isolate m, which gives m = -2/5.

Question 107: What would happen if the phrenic nerve was injured?

A rise in body temperature
An increase in the number of facial spasms
Irregular heart rate
Inability to control one's breathing (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Inability to control one's breathing

The phrenic nerve is crucial for respiration as it innervates the diaphragm, the primary muscle responsible for breathing. It transmits motor commands that cause the diaphragm to contract and relax, facilitating inhalation and exhalation. Therefore, an injury to the phrenic nerve would impair or halt the diaphragm's function, leading to an inability to control one's breathing.

Question 108: Which structure contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell?

Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Cell wall
Nucleus (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Nucleus

The nucleus houses and protects the cell's DNA.

Question 109: Convert 5\/8 to a decimal

1.6
0.625 (Correct answer)
6.25
0.0625

Correct answer: 0.625

To convert the fraction 5/8 to a decimal, divide the numerator (5) by the denominator (8). Performing this division, 5 ÷ 8 equals 0.625.

Question 110: A passage states: 'The pediatric nurse must consider developmental stages when assessing pain. Neonates may exhibit facial grimacing and increased heart rate. Toddlers may cry and cling to caregivers. School-age children can often use numeric pain scales.' Which statement best summarizes the passage?

Pain assessment tools are the same across all age groups
Pain assessment in children must be adapted to developmental level (Correct answer)
Neonates experience more pain than older children
School-age children are the most reliable reporters of pain

Correct answer: Pain assessment in children must be adapted to developmental level

The passage demonstrates that different age groups express pain differently, requiring developmentally appropriate assessment approaches.

Question 111: What is the most abundant element in the universe?

Hydrogen (Correct answer)
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Helium

Correct answer: Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the entire universe, making up approximately 75% of its baryonic mass. It is the fundamental building block of stars and is prevalent in interstellar gas and dust clouds.

Question 112: Which statement best describes an exothermic chemical reaction?

It requires a catalyst to release energy.
It only occurs at temperatures above 100 °C.
It releases heat energy to the surroundings. (Correct answer)
It absorbs heat energy from the surroundings.

Correct answer: It releases heat energy to the surroundings.

In an exothermic reaction, the products have less energy than the reactants, so the excess energy is released as heat into the surroundings (e.g., combustion).

Question 113: In a passage about wound healing: 'The inflammatory phase, lasting 1-6 days, involves vascular response and cellular defense. Subsequently, the proliferative phase spans days 3-21, characterized by granulation tissue formation. Finally, the maturation phase may continue for up to 2 years.' What organizational pattern does this passage use?

Problem and solution
Cause and effect
Chronological/sequential order (Correct answer)
Compare and contrast

Correct answer: Chronological/sequential order

The passage organizes information in time-based sequential order, using temporal markers like 'subsequently' and 'finally' to describe phases in order.

Question 114: Which of the following is the closest definition of the word contrite?

Excited
Lonely
Remorseful (Correct answer)
Sad

Correct answer: Remorseful

The word 'contrite' describes feeling or expressing deep regret or penitence for wrongdoing. It implies a sense of sorrow and guilt for one's actions. Therefore, 'remorseful' is the most fitting synonym, conveying a similar feeling of regret and sorrow for past actions.

Question 115: Which of the following causes cramps during strenuous exercise?

Protein
Glucose
Pyruvate
Lactate (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Lactate

During strenuous exercise, when oxygen supply to muscles is insufficient, cells switch to anaerobic respiration, producing lactate (lactic acid) as a byproduct. While lactate itself is not the direct cause of cramps, its accumulation and the associated drop in pH within muscle cells contribute to muscle fatigue, soreness, and can play a role in the sensation of cramping.

Question 116: What is the best definition of the word superfluous?

Shallow
Shameful
Extraordinary
Unnecessary (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Unnecessary

The word 'superfluous' means being more than is sufficient or required; excessive. It describes something that is not needed, is redundant, or serves no useful purpose. Therefore, 'unnecessary' is the most accurate definition, indicating something that is extra or not essential.

Question 117: A passage uses the word 'consequently.' This transition signals what relationship?

Example
Contrast
Addition
Cause and effect (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Cause and effect

'Consequently' indicates that what follows is a result of what came before.

Question 118: A passage ends with, 'Without immediate action, these problems will only worsen.' This sentence functions as a:

Historical fact
Definition
Neutral description
Warning or call to action (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Warning or call to action

Predicting worsening problems without action urges the reader to respond, a call to action.

Question 119: A car dealer sells ten different brands of automobiles. The dealer's typical daily sales are: Honda has two versions, each of which sells 20 units per day. Toyota has three models, each of which sells 15 units every day. Kia has only one model, but it sells seven per day. Ford has four models and sells six of each per day. How many automobiles are sold every day in total?

116 (Correct answer)
50
100
35

Correct answer: 116

To find the total number of automobiles sold daily, calculate the sales for each brand and sum them up. Honda sells 2 versions * 20 units/version = 40 units. Toyota sells 3 models * 15 units/model = 45 units. Kia sells 1 model * 7 units/model = 7 units. Ford sells 4 models * 6 units/model = 24 units. Adding these totals: 40 + 45 + 7 + 24 = 116 automobiles sold daily.

Question 120: How many pints are in 80 ounces?

1,280 pints
5 pints (Correct answer)
15 pints
16 pints

Correct answer: 5 pints

To convert ounces to pints, you need to know that 1 pint (pt) is equal to 16 ounces (oz). Therefore, to find how many pints are in 80 ounces, you divide the total ounces by the number of ounces per pint. This calculation is 80 ÷ 16, which equals 5 pints.

Question 121: A passage reads: 'Florence Nightingale's environmental theory emphasized that clean air, clean water, proper drainage, cleanliness, and light were essential for patient recovery. While these concepts seem obvious today, they were revolutionary in the mid-1800s when germ theory had not yet been established.' What can be inferred about the historical context?

Germ theory was established before Nightingale's work
Hospital conditions in the 1800s likely lacked the environmental elements Nightingale advocated for (Correct answer)
Nightingale's theory is no longer relevant to modern nursing
Florence Nightingale discovered germ theory

Correct answer: Hospital conditions in the 1800s likely lacked the environmental elements Nightingale advocated for

If Nightingale's advocacy for cleanliness was 'revolutionary,' it can be inferred that these conditions were not standard in hospitals of that era.

Question 122: What do you call substances that cannot be broken down into simpler forms of matter?

Nuclei
Electron
Molecules
Elements (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Elements

Elements are fundamental substances that consist of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler chemical substances by ordinary chemical means. They are the basic building blocks of all matter. Molecules are combinations of elements, while electrons and nuclei are subatomic components.

Question 123: A student observes a plant bending toward a light source. What is the best explanation for this behavior?

Photosynthesis
Phototropism (Correct answer)
Gravitropism
Respiration

Correct answer: Phototropism

Phototropism is the growth response of a plant in response to a light stimulus. When a plant bends toward a light source, it is exhibiting positive phototropism, a mechanism that helps it maximize light absorption for photosynthesis.

Question 124: The instructor asked a question to the student, but she couldn't hear him since he responded so _____________.

Quiet
Loudly
Loud
Quietly (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Quietly

The blank space requires an adverb to modify the verb 'responded,' describing *how* the instructor responded. 'Quietly' is the adverbial form of the adjective 'quiet,' correctly indicating the manner of his response. Adverbs typically end in -ly and modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

Question 125: A nurse recognizes personal bias may affect judgment. The most appropriate response is to:

Trust the bias
Let bias guide care
Avoid the patient
Consciously set aside bias and focus on objective data (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Consciously set aside bias and focus on objective data

Acknowledging and minimizing bias supports objective decision-making.

Question 126: What is the molarity of an aqueous solution containing 0.40 moles of sugar in 5 liters of water?

0.04 M
8.0 M
0.08 M (Correct answer)
400.0 M

Correct answer: 0.08 M

Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. To calculate the molarity, you divide the given moles of sugar (0.40 moles) by the volume of water in liters (5 liters). Therefore, 0.40 moles / 5 L = 0.08 M.

Question 127: What part of the body is being visualized in a cystoscopy?

Bladder (Correct answer)
Abdomen
Vagina
Knee

Correct answer: Bladder

A cystoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the bladder and urethra. A thin, flexible tube with a camera (cystoscope) is inserted through the urethra into the bladder, allowing a doctor to visualize these structures and diagnose conditions.

Question 128: Which type of macromolecule are enzymes primarily composed of?

Lipids
Carbohydrates
Proteins (Correct answer)
Nucleic acids

Correct answer: Proteins

Most enzymes are proteins folded into specific catalytic shapes.

Question 129: If a specific reversible process reached equilibrium, what would happen if more reactants were added?

The equilibrium would change in favor of the formation of additional products. (Correct answer)
Nothing, because the reaction has reached equilibrium.
The reaction would heat up
The equilibrium position would move, resulting in the formation of more reactants.

Correct answer: The equilibrium would change in favor of the formation of additional products.

This scenario is described by Le Chatelier's Principle, which states that if a change of condition is applied to a system in equilibrium, the system will shift in a direction that relieves the stress. Adding more reactants is a stress, so the equilibrium will shift to consume these reactants. This results in the formation of additional products to re-establish equilibrium.

Question 130: Which of the following is not a property of water?

Density of liquid form is less than solid form (Correct answer)
Can absorb/release large quantities of heat without large temperature change.
High surface tension
High boiling point compared to other hydrogen compounds

Correct answer: Density of liquid form is less than solid form

The correct answer is that the density of liquid water is *greater* than its solid form (ice), which is an unusual property. Most substances become denser when they solidify. Water's unique hydrogen bonding causes ice to form an open, crystalline structure that is less dense than liquid water, allowing ice to float.

Question 131: Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract?

Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle (Correct answer)
Striated voluntary muscle

Correct answer: Smooth muscle

Smooth muscle is involuntary, non-striated muscle found in the walls of hollow organs including blood vessels, the GI tract, bladder, and uterus.

Question 132: Reactions that absorb heat are called what?

Endothermic (Correct answer)
Exothermic
Combustion
Thermal

Correct answer: Endothermic

Endothermic reactions are chemical processes that absorb heat energy from their surroundings. This absorption of heat causes the temperature of the surroundings to decrease, making them feel cooler. The energy absorbed is stored within the chemical bonds of the products.

Question 133: The suffix '-itis' means:

Study of
Disease of
Incision into
Inflammation of (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Inflammation of

'-Itis' means inflammation, as in appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix).

Question 134: What is the purpose of the extensor muscles?

Bring the limb back to the body
Decrease the angle at the joint
Move the limb away from the midline
Increase the joint angle (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Increase the joint angle

Extensor muscles are a type of skeletal muscle that, upon contraction, increase the angle at a joint. This action results in the straightening of a limb or body part. For instance, the triceps brachii muscle is an extensor that straightens the elbow joint, moving the forearm away from the upper arm.

Question 135: In its simplest form, express 0.125 as a fraction.

1\/15
1\/30
1\/8 (Correct answer)
1\/10

Correct answer: 1\/8

To express the decimal 0.125 as a fraction, write it as 125 over 1000, since there are three decimal places. Then, simplify the fraction 125/1000 by dividing both the numerator and denominator by their greatest common divisor, which is 125, resulting in the simplest form 1/8.

Question 136: Which sentence correctly uses a semicolon?

The patient was stable; because the medication was effective.
The patient; was stable and ready for discharge.
The patient was stable; and ready for discharge.
The patient was stable; however, the lab results were pending. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The patient was stable; however, the lab results were pending.

A semicolon correctly joins two independent clauses. When followed by a conjunctive adverb like 'however,' the semicolon replaces the period between the clauses.

Question 137: Where is the hyoid bone located?

Pelvis
Neck (Correct answer)
Leg
Rib cage

Correct answer: Neck

The hyoid bone is a unique, U-shaped bone located in the anterior part of the neck, situated between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. It is distinctive because it is the only bone in the human body that does not articulate directly with any other bone, instead being suspended by muscles and ligaments. It plays a vital role in speech, swallowing, and supporting the tongue.

Question 138: Covert the following military hours to civilian hours: 20:30

2:30 PM
8:30 PM (Correct answer)
10:30 AM
9:30 AM

Correct answer: 8:30 PM

To convert military time (24-hour format) to civilian time (12-hour format), if the hour is 13 or greater, subtract 12 from the hour and append 'PM'. For 20:30, subtracting 12 from 20 gives 8, so the civilian time is 8:30 PM.

Question 139: A researcher notices bacteria grow faster in warm temperatures. What is the best next step?

Test bacteria at different temperatures (Correct answer)
Change bacterial species
Increase light levels
Add more nutrients

Correct answer: Test bacteria at different temperatures

To scientifically validate the observation that bacteria grow faster in warm temperatures, the best next step is to systematically test bacterial growth across a range of different temperatures. This controlled experiment would help establish an optimal temperature for growth and quantify the relationship, while keeping other variables constant.

Question 140: Unstable nuclei, given enough time, will:

None of the above
degrade into a further unstable form
evolve
decay into a stable form (Correct answer)

Correct answer: decay into a stable form

Unstable nuclei are radioactive and undergo nuclear decay to achieve a more stable configuration. This process involves emitting particles or energy until the nucleus reaches a stable state, often transforming into a different element. Therefore, they naturally decay into a stable form over time.

Question 141: What is the best way to define "predispose"?

To make susceptible (Correct answer)
To show interest
To dispose an item before using
To be cautious of bias

Correct answer: To make susceptible

To predispose someone means to make them liable or inclined to a specified attitude, action, or condition. In a medical context, it means to make someone more susceptible or vulnerable to developing a particular disease or condition. For example, genetics can predispose an individual to certain illnesses.

Question 142: Which question best helps a reader identify an author's purpose?

What font is used?
How many words are in the passage?
Why did the author write this? (Correct answer)
When was the paper printed?

Correct answer: Why did the author write this?

Asking why the author wrote the text reveals the purpose: to inform, persuade, or entertain.

Question 143: Chocolate cysts of the ovaries are attributed to which of the following?

Ectopic pregnancy
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Menorrhagia
Endometriosis (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Endometriosis

Chocolate cysts, also known as endometriomas, are a common manifestation of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, often on the ovaries. These cysts are filled with old, dark, thick blood, which gives them their characteristic 'chocolate' appearance.

Question 144: Choose the correct pronoun: Between you and ____, the test was difficult.

I
mine
me (Correct answer)
myself

Correct answer: me

After the preposition "between," the objective pronoun "me" is required.

Question 145: Which kingdom do bacteria belong to that lack a true membrane-bound nucleus?

Plantae
Prokaryotes (Correct answer)
Animalia
Fungi

Correct answer: Prokaryotes

Bacteria are prokaryotes, lacking a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.

Question 146: Which sentence is grammatically correct?

Kevin prays for his sister’s salvation at St. Mary’s Church, fervently.
None of these are grammatically correct.
Kevin prays fervently at St. Mary’s Church for his sister’s salvation. (Correct answer)
Kevin prays at St. Mary’s Church fervently for his sister’s salvation.

Correct answer: Kevin prays fervently at St. Mary’s Church for his sister’s salvation.

When multiple adverbial phrases are present, the general order for clarity and natural flow is often manner, place, then time. In this sentence, 'fervently' describes *how* Kevin prays (manner), 'at St. Mary’s Church' describes *where* he prays (place), and 'for his sister’s salvation' describes *why* he prays (purpose). Placing 'fervently' directly after the verb 'prays' and before the other prepositional phrases creates the most grammatically correct and natural-sounding sentence structure.

Question 147: Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Hydrogen bond
Metallic bond
Ionic bond
Covalent bond (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Covalent bond

Covalent bonds form when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons, typically occurring between nonmetal elements.

Question 148: What is the simple predicate in this sentence? Heather never speaks to her anymore.

her
Heather
speaks (Correct answer)
never

Correct answer: speaks

The simple predicate is the main verb in a sentence, without any helping verbs or modifiers. In the sentence 'Heather never speaks to her anymore,' 'speaks' is the core action verb that tells what the subject 'Heather' does. 'Never' is an adverb modifying the verb, and 'to her anymore' is a prepositional phrase.

Question 149: An atom having an electrical charge is referred to as a(n):

Ion (Correct answer)
Solid
Electron
Molecule

Correct answer: Ion

An atom becomes an ion when it gains or loses one or more electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge. If an atom loses electrons, it becomes a positively charged cation; if it gains electrons, it becomes a negatively charged anion. Molecules are neutral combinations of atoms, and electrons are subatomic particles.

Question 150: What does 'nephro-' refer to?

Brain
Liver
Lung
Kidney (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Kidney

'Nephro-' is derived from the Greek word for kidney, as in nephrology (study of the kidney).

Question 151: A hospital gives birth to 1,820 infants per year. How many females were born in a year if 55 percent of the babies born were boys?

819 (Correct answer)
650
1300
1000

Correct answer: 819

If 55 percent of the babies born were boys, then the remaining percentage represents the girls. This means 100% - 55% = 45% of the babies born were females. To find the number of females, calculate 45% of the total 1,820 infants: 0.45 * 1,820 = 819 females.

Question 152: All of the following factors influence the pace of a chemical reaction except?

Temperature
Presence of catalysts
Amount of mass lost (Correct answer)
Surface area

Correct answer: Amount of mass lost

The pace or rate of a chemical reaction is influenced by factors such as the presence of catalysts, the surface area of reactants, and the temperature. The 'amount of mass lost' is not a factor influencing the reaction rate; rather, it would be a measurement of the extent of a reaction, and mass is conserved in chemical reactions.

Question 153: Which action best shows prioritization based on critical analysis?

Doing the easiest task first
Completing tasks in chart order
Following the call light order
Addressing airway compromise before a routine dressing change (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Addressing airway compromise before a routine dressing change

Life-threatening issues like airway take priority over routine care.

Question 154: A solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute is said to be what?

Dilute
Saturated (Correct answer)
Unsaturated
Concentrated

Correct answer: Saturated

A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature. At this point, no more solute can dissolve, and any additional solute added will typically remain undissolved or precipitate out. This state represents an equilibrium between dissolved and undissolved solute.

Question 155: The waist circumference of a man is 88.9 centimeters. What is his waist measurement in inches?

25 in.
45 in.
35 in. (Correct answer)
25.5 in.

Correct answer: 35 in.

To convert a measurement from centimeters to inches, you divide the centimeter value by the conversion factor of 2.54 centimeters per inch. Therefore, 88.9 cm divided by 2.54 cm/inch equals exactly 35 inches.

Question 156: What is the closest definition of the word sinuous?

Slender
Mischievous
Thin
Supple (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Supple

Sinuous means having many curves and turns, or winding. It also implies flexibility and grace, making 'supple' a close synonym. A sinuous movement or shape is often fluid and elegant, like a snake moving.

Question 157: Which of the following is the best definition of the word taciturn?

Attentive
Reserved (Correct answer)
Alert
Uncooperative

Correct answer: Reserved

The word 'taciturn' describes a person who is reserved or uncommunicative in speech, saying little. Such individuals tend to be quiet and prefer not to talk much in social situations. Therefore, 'reserved' accurately captures this characteristic of being withdrawn and not openly expressive.

Question 158: A patient report contains both objective and subjective data. Which is an example of objective data?

Temperature of 101.4°F (Correct answer)
Patient reports chills
Patient states they feel feverish
Patient says they are tired

Correct answer: Temperature of 101.4°F

Objective data is measurable, like a recorded temperature.

Question 159: A reading passage describes steps in order: first, second, then finally. What text structure is being used?

Problem and solution
Sequence/chronological order (Correct answer)
Compare and contrast
Cause and effect

Correct answer: Sequence/chronological order

Signal words like 'first,' 'then,' and 'finally' indicate sequence or chronological order.

Question 160: A scientist finds that changing the pH of a solution stops an enzyme from working. What is the most logical explanation?

The enzyme denatured due to pH change (Correct answer)
The enzyme requires more water
The substrate was used up
The solution was too basic

Correct answer: The enzyme denatured due to pH change

Enzymes are highly sensitive to changes in environmental conditions like pH and temperature because these factors can alter their specific three-dimensional structure, particularly the active site. When the pH changes drastically, the enzyme can denature, meaning its shape is altered, rendering it unable to bind to its substrate and function effectively.

Question 161: Which of the following is the closest definition to the word postulate?

Claim (Correct answer)
Disagree
Gather
Move

Correct answer: Claim

To 'postulate' means to suggest or assume the existence, fact, or truth of something as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief. It is essentially to put forward a theory or claim, often without definitive proof. Therefore, 'claim' is the closest definition, as it involves asserting something as true or factual.

Question 162: What is the closest definition of benign?

Painful
Near
Silent
Harmless (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Harmless

In a medical context, 'benign' describes a condition, tumor, or growth that is not cancerous and will not spread to other parts of the body. It implies that the condition is harmless and typically does not pose a serious threat to health. This is in contrast to 'malignant,' which means cancerous.

Question 163: What is the term for the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

Active transport
Endocytosis
Osmosis (Correct answer)
Phagocytosis

Correct answer: Osmosis

Osmosis is the passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.

Question 164: Select the sentence that is grammatically correct.

The nurse, along with the doctors, have been preparing for surgery.
The nurse, along with the doctors, are preparing for surgery.
The nurse, along with the doctors, were preparing for surgery.
The nurse, along with the doctors, was preparing for surgery. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The nurse, along with the doctors, was preparing for surgery.

When a phrase like 'along with' separates the subject from the verb, the verb agrees with the main subject ('nurse' = singular), requiring 'was.'

Question 165: What is the frequency of a wave in a string that moves at 52 m/s and has a wavelength of 0.65 m?

65 Hz
80 Hz (Correct answer)
0.0125 Hz
12.5 Hz

Correct answer: 80 Hz

The relationship between wave speed (v), frequency (f), and wavelength (λ) is given by the formula v = f * λ. To find the frequency, rearrange the formula to f = v / λ. Plugging in the given values, f = 52 m/s / 0.65 m = 80 Hz.

Question 166: To 'palpate' an area means to:

Tap it sharply
Look closely at it
Examine by touch (Correct answer)
Listen with a stethoscope

Correct answer: Examine by touch

Palpate means to examine by feeling with the hands or fingers.

Question 167: The medical term 'dyspnea' refers to:

Difficulty swallowing
Abnormal heart rhythm
Painful urination
Labored or difficult breathing (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Labored or difficult breathing

The prefix 'dys-' means difficult or abnormal, and '-pnea' refers to breathing. Together, dyspnea describes shortness of breath or labored breathing.

Question 168: A baseball weighs 0.145 kg. It needs to be thrown at what speed to have a kinetic energy of 57 J?

28.0 m/s (Correct answer)
50.5 m/s
55.9 m/s
8.3 m/s

Correct answer: 28.0 m/s

Kinetic energy (KE) is calculated using the formula KE = ½mv², where m is mass and v is velocity. To find the velocity, we rearrange the formula to v = √((2 * KE) / m). Plugging in the given values: v = √((2 * 57 J) / 0.145 kg) = √(114 / 0.145) = √(786.2) ≈ 28.04 m/s.

Question 169: The medical term 'hepatitis' refers to inflammation of the:

Heart
Lung
Kidney
Liver (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Liver

'Hepat-' is the root for liver, so hepatitis means inflammation of the liver.

Question 170: Which transition word signals that an example is coming?

Meanwhile
Nevertheless
For instance (Correct answer)
Although

Correct answer: For instance

'For instance' introduces an example that illustrates a point.

Question 171: How many valence electrons does an oxygen atom (atomic number 8) have?

2
8
6 (Correct answer)
4

Correct answer: 6

Oxygen has the electron configuration 2, 6 — meaning 2 electrons in the first shell and 6 in the second (valence) shell.

Question 172: Why is it important to identify bias in a passage?

To find the author’s name
To evaluate the trustworthiness of the content (Correct answer)
To understand emotional words
To memorize the content

Correct answer: To evaluate the trustworthiness of the content

Identifying bias in a passage is critical because it reveals the author's potential leanings, prejudices, or one-sided perspectives, which can influence the information presented. Recognizing bias allows readers to critically evaluate the content's objectivity, question its reliability, and determine the trustworthiness of the information. This critical assessment is essential for forming well-informed and balanced opinions.

Question 173: Which of the following is grammatically correct?

She could accept anything from him, accept a lie.
She could except anything from him, accept a lie.
She could accept anything from him, except a lie. (Correct answer)
She could except anything from him, except a lie.

Correct answer: She could accept anything from him, except a lie.

This sentence correctly uses the homophones 'accept' and 'except.' 'Accept' means to receive or agree to something, which is appropriate for 'accept anything from him.' 'Except' means excluding or other than, correctly used to indicate 'except a lie.' The other options incorrectly interchange these words.

Question 174: Which enzyme catalyzes the transcription of DNA into mRNA?

DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase (Correct answer)
Reverse transcriptase
Helicase

Correct answer: RNA polymerase

RNA polymerase reads the DNA template strand and synthesizes a complementary mRNA molecule during transcription.

Question 175: When summarizing a passage, the reader should include which of the following?

Personal opinions about the topic
Only the first sentence
The main idea and key supporting points (Correct answer)
Every minor detail

Correct answer: The main idea and key supporting points

A good summary captures the central idea and the most important supporting points concisely.

Question 176: Which one of the following elements is liquid at room temperature?

Zinc
Manganese
Mercury (Correct answer)
Magnesium

Correct answer: Mercury

Among the given options, Mercury (Hg) is the only element that is liquid at standard room temperature and pressure. Manganese, Magnesium, and Zinc are all solid metals under these conditions.

Question 177: What molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

mRNA
tRNA (Correct answer)
rRNA
DNA polymerase

Correct answer: tRNA

Transfer RNA delivers specific amino acids matching the mRNA codon.

Question 178: Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Have a nucleus
Are multicellular
Lack membrane-bound organelles (Correct answer)
Contain mitochondria

Correct answer: Lack membrane-bound organelles

Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria and archaea, are characterized by their simpler cellular organization compared to eukaryotic cells. A key distinguishing feature is their lack of a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria or the Golgi apparatus; their genetic material is typically found in a nucleoid region.

Question 179: Dr. Henry has his nursing staff line up at 4:30PM for the annual meeting. What would that be in military time?

0430
4030
2030
1630 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 1630

To convert regular time to military time for any hour in the afternoon (P.M.), you add 12 to the hour. For 4:30 P.M., add 12 to 4, which equals 16. The minutes remain the same. Therefore, 4:30 P.M. in military time is 1630.

Question 180: The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is -9.8 m/s². Which part of this integer provides direction information, converting it to a vector quantity?

Because the negative sign indicates the magnitude of the acceleration, we know it's a vector quantity.
Because the seconds are squared in the units, we know it's a vector quantity.
The negative sign indicates that the acceleration is upward, therefore we know it's a vector quantity.
We know it's a vector quantity because the negative sign indicates a downward acceleration. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: We know it's a vector quantity because the negative sign indicates a downward acceleration.

A vector quantity is a physical quantity that has both magnitude (size) and direction. The value -9.8 m/s² for acceleration due to gravity includes a negative sign, which specifically indicates the direction of this acceleration. By convention, the negative sign signifies that the acceleration is directed downwards, towards the center of the Earth, thus providing directional information.

Question 181: If a genetic mutation occurs in a somatic (body) cell, what is the likely result?

It will spread to all future generations
It will be inherited by offspring
It will not affect the organism at all
It may cause disease in the individual (Correct answer)

Correct answer: It may cause disease in the individual

A genetic mutation occurring in a somatic (body) cell affects only the individual in which it arises and is not passed on to offspring. While not inheritable, such mutations can lead to various consequences within that individual, including cellular dysfunction, uncontrolled cell growth (cancer), or other diseases.

Question 182: A patient is described as 'lethargic.' What does this mean?

Drowsy and sluggish (Correct answer)
Feverish and flushed
Agitated and restless
Alert and oriented

Correct answer: Drowsy and sluggish

Lethargic means abnormally drowsy, sluggish, or lacking energy.

Question 183: Which organelle is the primary site of ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Lysosome
Mitochondria (Correct answer)
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: Mitochondria

Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 184: The term 'flaccid' refers to muscles that are:

Tense and rigid
Strong and firm
Limp and weak (Correct answer)
Twitching

Correct answer: Limp and weak

Flaccid means soft, limp, and lacking firmness or tone.

Question 185: The patient's file reveals that he has been having respiration issues. What activity is the patient having trouble with?

Forming coherent sentences
Breathing (Correct answer)
Interaction with others
Movement of limbs

Correct answer: Breathing

Respiration refers to the physiological process of breathing, which involves the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between an organism and its environment. If a patient is having respiration issues, they are experiencing difficulty with breathing. This can manifest as shortness of breath, wheezing, or other respiratory distress.

Question 186: Divide and simplify: ÷ \/

2 2\/8
12 2\/3
16
2 1\/4 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 2 1\/4

To divide fractions, you multiply the first fraction by the reciprocal of the second fraction. Assuming the fractions are 9/10 and 2/5, the operation becomes 9/10 * 5/2. Multiply the numerators (9*5=45) and the denominators (10*2=20) to get 45/20. Simplifying this improper fraction gives 9/4, which converts to the mixed number 2 1/4.

Question 187: Which conclusion is best supported by the discovery of fossils with similar bone structures in different species?

They have identical DNA
They live in the same environment
They share a common ancestor (Correct answer)
Species evolved separately

Correct answer: They share a common ancestor

The discovery of fossils with similar bone structures (homologous structures) in different species provides strong evidence for common ancestry. These shared anatomical features suggest that these species evolved from a common ancestor, with modifications occurring over time due to adaptation to different environments.

Question 188: What process do plants use to make their own food?

Fermentation
Digestion
Photosynthesis (Correct answer)
Respiration

Correct answer: Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the fundamental process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This vital process uses carbon dioxide and water to produce sugars for food and releases oxygen as a byproduct, forming the basis of most food webs.

Question 189: The suffix '-algia' means:

Surgical removal
Pain (Correct answer)
Disease
Inflammation

Correct answer: Pain

'-Algia' means pain, as in neuralgia (nerve pain) or myalgia (muscle pain).

Question 190: A passage says a new policy 'sparked outrage among employees.' The word 'sparked' suggests the policy:

Was quietly accepted
Saved money
Was forgotten quickly
Triggered a strong reaction (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Triggered a strong reaction

'Sparked outrage' indicates the policy triggered a strong negative reaction.

Question 191: A passage states: 'Nosocomial infections affect approximately 1.7 million patients annually in the United States, resulting in 99,000 deaths per year.' Based on this information, which conclusion is most accurate?

Nosocomial infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality (Correct answer)
Hospitals are unsafe places for patients
Most hospital patients will develop nosocomial infections
All nosocomial infections are preventable

Correct answer: Nosocomial infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality

The statistics support that nosocomial infections are a significant cause of morbidity (1.7M affected) and mortality (99,000 deaths), without overgeneralizing beyond the data.

Question 192: Each pound has 453.59 grams. 6,577 grams is the weight of a baby. In pounds and ounces, how much does the baby weigh?

35 lb 8 oz
12 lb 5 oz.
14 lb 8 oz. (Correct answer)
17 lb 8 oz.

Correct answer: 14 lb 8 oz.

First, convert the baby's weight from grams to pounds by dividing 6,577 grams by 453.59 grams/pound, which yields approximately 14.5 pounds. Next, separate the whole pounds (14 lbs) and convert the remaining decimal (0.5 lbs) into ounces by multiplying by 16 ounces/pound (0.5 * 16 = 8 ounces). Thus, the baby weighs 14 pounds and 8 ounces.

Question 193: What is the topic sentence of a paragraph?

The last sentence only
Any sentence with a date
The shortest sentence
The sentence that states the paragraph's main idea (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The sentence that states the paragraph's main idea

A topic sentence introduces the central idea that the rest of the paragraph supports.

Question 194: Which of the following is the closest definition of the word distended?

Shrunken
Removed
Enlarged (Correct answer)
Distracted

Correct answer: Enlarged

The word 'distended' means swollen or stretched out of its normal shape, typically due to internal pressure. In a medical context, it often refers to an abdomen that is enlarged or bloated. Therefore, 'enlarged' is the closest and most accurate definition.

Question 195: Which sentence is grammatically correct?

The team of nurses are updating their records.
The team of nurses is updating their records.
The team of nurses is updating its records. (Correct answer)
The team of nurses are updating its records.

Correct answer: The team of nurses is updating its records.

'Team' is a collective noun treated as a singular unit, so it takes the singular verb 'is' and the singular pronoun 'its.' When a collective noun acts as one unified body, use singular verbs and pronouns.

Question 196: Which thinking error occurs when a nurse only seeks data supporting an initial guess?

Reflective thinking
Confirmation bias (Correct answer)
Comprehensive analysis
Open-mindedness

Correct answer: Confirmation bias

Confirmation bias is seeking only data that confirms a prior belief.

Question 197: Subtract 2\/ − 6\/ (Enter numerical value only).

2 17\/21 (Correct answer)
7 5\/13
2 8\/10
7 8\/10

Correct answer: 2 17\/21

The question 'Subtract 2/ - 6/' is incomplete, but assuming it refers to a subtraction of mixed numbers that results in 2 17/21, the general process involves finding a common denominator for the fractions, converting mixed numbers to improper fractions if necessary for borrowing, and then subtracting the numerators and whole numbers. For example, if the problem was 6 1/7 - 3 1/3, you would convert to 6 3/21 - 3 7/21, then borrow to get 5 24/21 - 3 7/21, resulting in 2 17/21.

Question 198: Subtract: 3 1 \/ 2 - 2 2\/3

5\/16
6\/5
5\/6 (Correct answer)
1 1\/5

Correct answer: 5\/6

To subtract mixed numbers, first convert them into improper fractions. 3 1/2 becomes 7/2 and 2 2/3 becomes 8/3. Find a common denominator, which is 6, so 7/2 becomes 21/6 and 8/3 becomes 16/6. Subtracting these gives 21/6 - 16/6 = 5/6.

Question 199: What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation?

Delivering amino acids to the ribosome (Correct answer)
Forming the ribosomal subunits
Splicing introns from mRNA
Carrying the genetic code from the nucleus

Correct answer: Delivering amino acids to the ribosome

Transfer RNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching its anticodon to the mRNA codon.

Question 200: Where is the pyloric sphincter located?

Between the rectum and anus
Between the stomach and small intestine (Correct answer)
Between the esophagus and stomach
Between the small and large intestine

Correct answer: Between the stomach and small intestine

The pyloric sphincter is a ring of smooth muscle located at the distal end of the stomach, specifically at the junction where the stomach connects to the first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. Its primary function is to regulate the flow of partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach into the small intestine, preventing rapid emptying and allowing for proper digestion.

Question 201: A patient's wound is described as having 'purulent' drainage. This means the drainage is:

Bright red and bloody
Containing pus (Correct answer)
Clear and watery
Thick and dark brown

Correct answer: Containing pus

'Purulent' comes from the Latin 'pus,' meaning pus. Purulent drainage is thick, opaque, and often yellow or green, indicating infection at the wound site.

Question 202: What is the meaning of incision?

Cut (Correct answer)
Injection
Closure
Fracture

Correct answer: Cut

An 'incision' is a surgical cut made in skin or flesh, typically during an operation or medical procedure. It is a precise opening created by a surgeon's instrument. Therefore, 'cut' is the most direct and accurate definition of an incision.

Question 203: Using the Lewis-dot structure model, how many dots would carbon have?

2
8
4 (Correct answer)
6

Correct answer: 4

The Lewis-dot structure model represents an atom's valence electrons as dots around its symbol. Carbon is in Group 14 of the periodic table, meaning it has 4 valence electrons. Therefore, carbon would have 4 dots in its Lewis-dot structure.

Question 204: What does it mean to draw an inference?

Form a conclusion based on information (Correct answer)
Make a guess with no basis
Identify the author's name
Rewrite the text

Correct answer: Form a conclusion based on information

To draw an inference means to form a conclusion or make an educated guess based on the information explicitly provided in the text, combined with one's own prior knowledge and reasoning. It involves 'reading between the lines' to understand implied meanings or consequences that are not directly stated by the author. This skill is crucial for deeper comprehension and critical thinking.

Question 205: How many ounces are in 8 1\/4 pints?

2.25 oz
132 oz (Correct answer)
128 oz
136 oz

Correct answer: 132 oz

To convert pints to ounces, you use the standard conversion factor where 1 pint (pt) is equal to 16 ounces (oz). First, convert the mixed number 8 1/4 pints to a decimal or improper fraction (8.25 pints). Then, multiply 8.25 by 16 to find the total number of ounces. This calculation yields 132 ounces.

Question 206: According to the instructions, you must dilute a powder in 3 quarts of water. You only have a container with a liter marking on it. To dilute the powder, how many liters would you use?

6.75 liters
5 liters
2.88 liters (Correct answer)
100 liters

Correct answer: 2.88 liters

To convert quarts to liters, use the conversion factor that 1 US liquid quart is approximately 0.946 liters. Therefore, 3 quarts * 0.946 liters/quart equals approximately 2.838 liters. Given the options, 2.88 liters is the closest value, suggesting a slightly different conversion factor (e.g., 1 quart ≈ 0.96 L) or rounding was used.

Question 207: Which detail would best support the main idea that 'regular handwashing prevents illness'?

A study showing fewer infections among frequent handwashers (Correct answer)
A list of unrelated diseases
The history of a hospital building
A description of soap colors

Correct answer: A study showing fewer infections among frequent handwashers

Data linking handwashing to fewer infections directly supports the main idea.

Question 208: Which sentence is grammatically correct?

She doesn't has her ID.
She not have her ID.
She doesn't have her ID. (Correct answer)
She don't have her ID.

Correct answer: She doesn't have her ID.

The singular subject "she" takes "doesn't have," which is correct.

Question 209: What is the only artery in the body to carry oxygen-poor blood?

Renal Artery
Vena Cava
Pulmonary Artery (Correct answer)
Interosseous artery

Correct answer: Pulmonary Artery

The pulmonary artery is unique among arteries because it carries deoxygenated blood. It transports blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs, where the blood will pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide. All other arteries in the systemic circulation carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Question 210: Which question best reflects evaluating the reliability of a source of clinical information?

Is the information easy to read?
Is the website attractive?
Did a coworker mention it?
Is the information current and evidence-based? (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Is the information current and evidence-based?

Reliable clinical information must be current and supported by evidence.

Question 211: What is the genotype of an individual with two different alleles for a gene?

Homozygous dominant
Heterozygous (Correct answer)
Hemizygous
Homozygous recessive

Correct answer: Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a gene is described as heterozygous.

Question 212: Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland to promote water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Cortisol
Oxytocin
Aldosterone
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

ADH (also called vasopressin) is released from the posterior pituitary and acts on the collecting ducts of the kidney to increase water reabsorption, concentrating the urine and reducing fluid loss.

Question 213: A subatomic particle is which of the following in relation to an atom?

Faster
Bigger
Smaller (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Smaller

A subatomic particle is, by definition, any particle that is smaller than an atom. Atoms are composed of these fundamental particles, such as protons, neutrons, and electrons. Therefore, these constituent parts are inherently smaller than the complete atom.

Question 214: What is the author's purpose if a passage informs the reader?

To describe a product
To inform (Correct answer)
To persuade
To entertain

Correct answer: To inform

If a passage primarily presents facts, explanations, or instructions without attempting to sway opinion or evoke strong emotions, the author's purpose is to inform. This purpose aims to educate the reader by providing objective data, explaining concepts, or describing events. Recognizing the author's purpose helps readers understand the text's intent and interpret its content appropriately.

Question 215: Which sentence demonstrates correct use of the possessive form?

The patients charts were filed by the nurse's assistant.
The patient's charts were filed by the nurse's assistant. (Correct answer)
The patient's charts were filed by the nurses's assistant.
The patients' chart's were filed by the nurses assistant.

Correct answer: The patient's charts were filed by the nurse's assistant.

Both possessives are correctly formed: 'patient's' (singular possessive) and 'nurse's' (singular possessive).

Question 216: What is the longest muscle in the human body?

Sartorius (Correct answer)
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Adductor longus

Correct answer: Sartorius

The sartorius muscle is indeed the longest muscle in the human body. It is a long, thin, superficial muscle that runs obliquely down the length of the thigh, from the hip to the medial side of the knee. It plays a role in various movements of the hip and knee, including flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation.

Question 217: What is the best definition of the word dichotomy?

Truncation
Trepidation
Division (Correct answer)
Achievement

Correct answer: Division

Dichotomy refers to a division or contrast between two things that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different. It highlights a sharp separation or contrast between two distinct parts, ideas, or categories. For example, the dichotomy between good and evil.

Question 218: A nurse who considers multiple possible explanations for symptoms is demonstrating:

Open-mindedness and analysis (Correct answer)
Premature closure
Indecision
Tunnel vision

Correct answer: Open-mindedness and analysis

Considering several explanations reflects open-minded analysis.

Question 219: Which is the largest decimal?

0.0688
0.68 (Correct answer)
0.6
0.667

Correct answer: 0.68

To determine the largest decimal, compare the numbers digit by digit from left to right, starting after the decimal point. It's helpful to add trailing zeros so all numbers have the same number of decimal places for an easier comparison. Comparing 0.0688, 0.6670, 0.6800, and 0.6000, 0.68 has the largest value in the hundredths place (8), making it the largest decimal among the options.

Question 220: Evaluate the expression: 4x - 5y x = -3 and y=2

-2
22
-22 (Correct answer)
2

Correct answer: -22

To evaluate an algebraic expression, substitute the given values for the variables into the expression and then perform the arithmetic operations according to the order of operations. For 4x - 5y with x = -3 and y = 2, substitute these values: 4(-3) - 5(2). This simplifies to -12 - 10, which equals -22.

Question 221: A nurse notices a patient's blood pressure dropped from 120/80 to 90/60 after a new medication. What critical thinking step should occur FIRST?

Increase the medication dose
Document and continue with other tasks
Recognize and analyze the change as a potential cue (Correct answer)
Tell the patient it is normal

Correct answer: Recognize and analyze the change as a potential cue

Recognizing and analyzing a significant cue is the first step before acting.

Question 222: Which macromolecule serves as the primary long-term energy storage molecule in animals?

Triglycerides (Correct answer)
Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen

Correct answer: Triglycerides

Triglycerides (fats) are the primary long-term energy storage molecules in animals, storing more energy per gram than carbohydrates.

Question 223: What is the molarity of a solution containing 58.5 grams of NaCl dissolved in enough water to make 2 liters of solution? (Molar mass of NaCl = 58.5 g/mol)

1.0 M
0.5 M (Correct answer)
2.0 M
0.25 M

Correct answer: 0.5 M

Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution. Moles of NaCl = 58.5g / 58.5g/mol = 1 mol. Molarity = 1 mol / 2 L = 0.5 M.

Question 224: Based on a passage: 'Nurse practitioners (NPs) have prescriptive authority in all 50 states, though scope of practice varies. In full-practice states, NPs can evaluate, diagnose, and treat patients independently. In restricted-practice states, NPs must maintain a collaborative agreement with a physician.' What is the main idea of this passage?

NP prescriptive authority exists nationwide but practice scope varies by state (Correct answer)
Physician collaboration improves patient outcomes
Full-practice states have better healthcare than restricted-practice states
Nurse practitioners should have full practice authority everywhere

Correct answer: NP prescriptive authority exists nationwide but practice scope varies by state

The main idea summarizes the central point: NPs have prescriptive authority everywhere, but the scope of independent practice varies by state regulation.

Question 225: A passage describes a research study: 'Participants who received the experimental drug showed a 40% reduction in symptoms compared to the placebo group. However, 15% of participants experienced significant side effects including nausea and dizziness.' Which statement represents an inference from this passage?

Fifteen percent of participants had side effects
Some participants experienced nausea
Healthcare providers would need to weigh the benefits against the side effect risks (Correct answer)
The drug reduced symptoms by 40%

Correct answer: Healthcare providers would need to weigh the benefits against the side effect risks

An inference goes beyond what is explicitly stated. The benefit-risk assessment is logically implied but not directly stated in the passage.

Question 226: How many liters are in 300 milliliters?

0.3 liters (Correct answer)
3 liters
0.03 liters
30 liters

Correct answer: 0.3 liters

The conversion factor between milliliters and liters is 1000, meaning 1 liter equals 1000 milliliters. To convert 300 milliliters to liters, divide 300 by 1000. This calculation yields 0.3 liters.

Question 227: What is the sodium charge in the compound NaCl?

−1
+1 (Correct answer)
0
3

Correct answer: +1

In the ionic compound NaCl (sodium chloride), sodium (Na) is an alkali metal in Group 1 of the periodic table, meaning it readily loses one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration. When sodium loses an electron, it forms a cation with a charge of +1 (Na+).

Question 228: Which phase of the cell cycle involves the actual division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells?

Metaphase
S phase
Cytokinesis (Correct answer)
G2 phase

Correct answer: Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division where the cytoplasm splits, producing two separate daughter cells.

Question 229: To what does the word salpingo refer?

The spleen
A tube (Correct answer)
A bone
An artery

Correct answer: A tube

The prefix 'salpingo-' is derived from the Greek word 'salpinx,' meaning 'trumpet' or 'tube.' In medical terminology, it specifically refers to a tube, most commonly the fallopian tube (e.g., salpingectomy for removal of a fallopian tube) or sometimes the Eustachian tube.

Question 230: Which of the following is the best definition of the word chide?

Whisper
Scold (Correct answer)
Pick
Yell

Correct answer: Scold

To 'chide' means to express disapproval of or to scold someone gently. It implies a mild rebuke or reprimand, often to correct behavior or express dissatisfaction. Therefore, 'scold' is the most appropriate definition, conveying the act of reprimanding someone.

Question 231: What planet is the slowest rotating and often referred to as Earth’s “sister planet?”

Mercury
Venus (Correct answer)
Mars
Jupiter

Correct answer: Venus

Venus has the slowest rotation period of any planet in our solar system, taking longer to rotate once on its axis than to orbit the Sun. It is often called Earth's 'sister planet' due to its similar size, mass, and overall composition, despite its extremely hostile surface environment.

Question 232: The functional unit of the kidney is called the:

Neuron
Alveolus
Sarcomere
Nephron (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Nephron

The nephron filters blood and forms urine in the kidney.

Question 233: A passage describes the same event from a doctor's and a patient's view. This contrast helps the reader understand:

The author's address
The font choices
The exact time of day
Different perspectives on the event (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Different perspectives on the event

Presenting two viewpoints helps readers grasp differing perspectives on the event.

Question 234: Ratio and proportion: 0.5:20:: x:200

x = 25
x= 50
x= 5 (Correct answer)
x= 4

Correct answer: x= 5

To solve a ratio and proportion problem like 0.5:20::x:200, you can set it up as a fraction: 0.5/20 = x/200. Cross-multiply to solve for x: 0.5 * 200 = 20 * x. This simplifies to 100 = 20x, and dividing both sides by 20 yields x = 5.

Question 235: Convert the metric equivalent: 8,500 grams equals x kg. (Enter numerical value only).

0.8 kilograms
8 kilograms
85 kilograms
8.5 kilograms (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 8.5 kilograms

To convert grams to kilograms, you need to know that 1 kilogram (kg) is equal to 1,000 grams (g). Therefore, to convert 8,500 grams to kilograms, you divide 8,500 by 1,000. This calculation results in 8.5 kilograms.

Question 236: What does the suffix '-plasty' mean?

Surgical removal
Disease process
Study of a structure
Surgical repair or reconstruction (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Surgical repair or reconstruction

'-Plasty' means surgical repair or reconstruction, as in rhinoplasty (surgical reshaping of the nose).

Question 237: When evaluating health information from the internet, which source would be considered most reliable for evidence-based nursing practice?

A pharmaceutical company's product website
A peer-reviewed systematic review from the Cochrane Library (Correct answer)
A patient forum discussing personal experiences
A popular health blog with thousands of followers

Correct answer: A peer-reviewed systematic review from the Cochrane Library

Peer-reviewed systematic reviews from established databases like Cochrane represent the highest level of evidence in evidence-based practice.

Question 238: In photosynthesis, which pigment captures light energy in plants?

Melanin
Keratin
Hemoglobin
Chlorophyll (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll absorbs light energy to drive photosynthesis in the chloroplasts.

Question 239: Which is the best example of a clinical inference?

Concluding a patient may be dehydrated from dry mucous membranes and low output (Correct answer)
Reading the room number
Recording the patient's name
Listing all medications

Correct answer: Concluding a patient may be dehydrated from dry mucous membranes and low output

An inference draws a reasoned conclusion from observed cues.

Question 240: A physician orders 'NPO' for a patient before surgery. This means the patient should:

Have nothing by mouth (Correct answer)
Receive only clear liquids
Limit physical activity
Be given pain medication only

Correct answer: Have nothing by mouth

NPO stands for the Latin 'nil per os,' meaning 'nothing by mouth.' Patients are placed on NPO status before procedures or surgery to prevent aspiration.

Question 241: Which of the following is the most abundant component of whole blood?

Red blood cells
Plasma (Correct answer)
Platelets
White blood cells

Correct answer: Plasma

Plasma is the liquid matrix of blood, making up approximately 55% of its total volume. It is primarily composed of water (about 92%) but also contains dissolved proteins, hormones, nutrients, electrolytes, and waste products. The cellular components like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are suspended within this plasma.

Question 242: A 'distended' abdomen is best described as:

Discolored
Tender to touch
Swollen or enlarged (Correct answer)
Soft and flat

Correct answer: Swollen or enlarged

Distended means swollen or expanded from internal pressure.

Question 243: 1 liter contains how many milliliters?

1000 (Correct answer)
10
300
2000

Correct answer: 1000

The metric system is based on powers of 10 for unit conversions. A milliliter (mL) is defined as one-thousandth of a liter (L). Therefore, there are exactly 1000 milliliters in 1 liter.

Question 244: If a passage's main idea is implied rather than stated, what should the reader do?

Infer it from supporting details (Correct answer)
Assume there is no main idea
Count the paragraphs
Skip to the conclusion

Correct answer: Infer it from supporting details

An implied main idea must be inferred by synthesizing the supporting details.

Question 245: The refractive index of chloroform is 1.44. In this medium, what is the speed of light?

4.6 x 10⁸ m/s
3.08 x 10⁸m/s
2.27 x 10⁸m/s
2.08 x 10⁸m/s (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 2.08 x 10⁸m/s

The speed of light in a medium (v) can be calculated using the formula v = c / n, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum (approximately 3.00 x 10⁸ m/s) and n is the refractive index of the medium. Plugging in the given values, v = (3.00 x 10⁸ m/s) / 1.44 ≈ 2.08 x 10⁸ m/s.

Question 246: A book store contains 75,972 books, divided in three sections: Science, Business, and Math. The science section represents 1\/3 of the total books. Of the remaining books, 75% are business. How many books are in the math section?

50,648
37986
12,662 (Correct answer)
25324

Correct answer: 12,662

First, calculate the number of science books: (1/3) * 75,972 = 25,324 books. Subtract these from the total to find the remaining books: 75,972 - 25,324 = 50,648 books. Next, calculate the number of business books: 75% of 50,648 = 0.75 * 50,648 = 37,986 books. Finally, subtract the business books from the remaining books to find the math books: 50,648 - 37,986 = 12,662 books.

Question 247: If 0.5 moles of NaCl are dissolved in 2.0 liters of water, what is the molarity of the solution?

1.00 M
2.50 M
0.50 M
0.25 M (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 0.25 M

Molarity (M) = moles of solute ÷ liters of solution. 0.5 mol ÷ 2.0 L = 0.25 M.

Question 248: Dihydrogen monoxide is better known as what?

Hydrogen peroxide
Water (Correct answer)
Iodine
Table salt

Correct answer: Water

Dihydrogen monoxide is the systematic chemical name for the compound commonly known as water. The prefix 'di-' indicates two hydrogen atoms, and 'mono-' indicates one oxygen atom, corresponding to the chemical formula H2O.

Question 249: A passage compares two treatments by listing similarities and differences. What text structure is this?

Description
Chronological order
Cause and effect
Compare and contrast (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Compare and contrast

Listing similarities and differences between items is the compare-and-contrast structure.

Question 250: What is the best definition of the word obstinate?

Angry
Stubborn (Correct answer)
Careless
Passive

Correct answer: Stubborn

The word 'obstinate' describes someone who is stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade them. It implies a strong resistance to persuasion or change, often due to a fixed mindset. Therefore, 'stubborn' is the most direct and accurate synonym.

Question 251: Read the following: 'Patients with chronic heart failure should limit sodium intake to 2,000 mg per day. Foods high in sodium include processed meats, canned soups, and fast food. Reading nutrition labels and choosing fresh, unprocessed foods can help patients manage their sodium consumption.' This passage is written for which audience?

Patients and their caregivers managing heart failure at home (Correct answer)
Hospital administrators creating dietary policies
Cardiologists specializing in heart failure research
Pharmaceutical researchers developing heart failure drugs

Correct answer: Patients and their caregivers managing heart failure at home

The practical, plain-language advice about reading labels and food choices indicates the intended audience is patients and caregivers managing the condition at home.

Question 252: After the storm, telephone poles ____________ all over the street.

were lying (Correct answer)
were laying
lied
laid

Correct answer: were lying

The verb 'to lie' (meaning to recline or rest) is intransitive, meaning it does not take a direct object. Its present participle is 'lying.' The sentence describes telephone poles resting on the street. 'To lay' (meaning to place something down) is transitive and requires a direct object, while 'lied' is the past tense of 'to lie' (to tell an untruth).

Question 253: The imaginary line that separates the body into superior and inferior regions is called what?

Coronal Plane
Sagittal plane
Vertical plane
Transverse plane (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Transverse plane

The transverse plane, also known as the horizontal or axial plane, is an imaginary line that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. This plane runs perpendicular to the long axis of the body. Other planes, like the sagittal and coronal, divide the body differently.

Question 254: Which sentence states a fact rather than an opinion?

The movie was too long and boring.
Everyone should exercise more often.
Summer is the best season of the year.
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius at sea level. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius at sea level.

A boiling point is a measurable, verifiable fact, while the others express judgments.

Question 255: What is the closest definition of the word proximal?

up
center (Correct answer)
far
away

Correct answer: center

In anatomy, 'proximal' refers to a position closer to the center of the body or the point of attachment of a limb. For example, the elbow is proximal to the wrist because it is closer to the body's core. Among the given choices, 'center' best captures the idea of being closer to the main part or origin.

Question 256: A nurse identifies that a conclusion was based on incomplete data. The best next step is to:

Assume the data is enough
Proceed anyway to save time
Discard the case
Gather additional relevant data before deciding (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Gather additional relevant data before deciding

Sound conclusions require sufficient, relevant data.

Question 257: Which of the following is the best definition of the word incongruent?

Incompatible (Correct answer)
Sinister
Discouraged
Discontented

Correct answer: Incompatible

The word 'incongruent' means not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects of something. It describes things that are inconsistent, unsuitable, or do not fit well together. Therefore, 'incompatible' is the best definition, as it signifies a lack of suitability or agreement between things.

Question 258: Which of the following is not true of epithelial tissue?

It rests on a basement membrane
It is vascular (Correct answer)
It lines cavities in the body
It helps form certain glands

Correct answer: It is vascular

Epithelial tissue is avascular, meaning it does not have its own direct blood supply. Instead, it receives nutrients and oxygen by diffusion from the underlying connective tissue, which is vascular. Epithelial tissue does, however, line body cavities, form glands, and rests on a basement membrane.

Question 259: Multiply and reduced to lowest terms 5\/13 x 3 3\/8

104\/45
1 31\/104 (Correct answer)
45\/104
5\/9

Correct answer: 1 31\/104

To multiply 5/13 by 3 3/8, first convert the mixed number to an improper fraction: 3 3/8 becomes (3*8 + 3)/8 = 27/8. Now multiply the fractions: (5/13) * (27/8) = (5*27) / (13*8) = 135/104. Convert this improper fraction back to a mixed number by dividing 135 by 104, which gives 1 with a remainder of 31, resulting in 1 31/104.

Question 260: Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion in multiple directions?

Saddle joint
Ball-and-socket joint (Correct answer)
Pivot joint
Hinge joint

Correct answer: Ball-and-socket joint

Ball-and-socket joints, such as the hip and shoulder, allow movement in multiple planes including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation, making them the most mobile joint type in the body.

Question 261: Which word is spelled correctly?

receeve
receive (Correct answer)
recieve
receve

Correct answer: receive

Following the "i before e except after c" rule, "receive" is correct.

Question 262: The word 'prognosis' refers to:

The identification of a disease
The predicted outcome of a disease (Correct answer)
The cause of a disease
The prevention of a disease

Correct answer: The predicted outcome of a disease

'Prognosis' refers to the predicted course and outcome of a disease or condition, including the chance of recovery.

Question 263: Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?

Pulmonary artery (Correct answer)
Pulmonary vein
Superior vena cava
Aorta

Correct answer: Pulmonary artery

The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange.

Question 264: Deductive reasoning is best illustrated by:

Applying a known principle to predict a patient outcome (Correct answer)
Collecting random observations
Ignoring guidelines
Guessing without data

Correct answer: Applying a known principle to predict a patient outcome

Deductive reasoning applies general principles to specific situations.

Question 265: Which gland regulates metabolism by secreting thyroxine?

Pancreas
Thyroid gland (Correct answer)
Adrenal gland
Pituitary gland

Correct answer: Thyroid gland

The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine (T4), which controls metabolic rate.

Question 266: A passage discusses hand hygiene compliance: 'Despite strong evidence that proper hand washing reduces infection rates by up to 50%, compliance rates among healthcare workers remain between 40-60%.' The word 'despite' in this context indicates:

A chronological sequence
A cause-and-effect relationship
Agreement between the two ideas
A contrast between evidence and behavior (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A contrast between evidence and behavior

The word 'despite' signals a contrast — the evidence strongly supports hand washing, yet compliance remains low, creating a contradiction.

Question 267: Which of the following does the diaphragm perform during exhalation?

Does not move
Contracts and lifts
Relaxes and lowers
Relaxes and lifts (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Relaxes and lifts

During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards, or lifts, into the thoracic cavity. This upward movement decreases the volume of the chest cavity, which in turn increases the pressure within the lungs, forcing air out. In contrast, during inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens.

Question 268: If a wound is 'suppurating,' it is:

Drying out
Discharging pus (Correct answer)
Bleeding heavily
Healing cleanly

Correct answer: Discharging pus

Suppurating means forming or discharging pus.

Question 269: Convert the metric equivalent: 500 mg equals x grams. (Enter the numerical value only).

55 grams
5.0 grams
25 grams
0.5 grams (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 0.5 grams

To convert milligrams (mg) to grams (g), divide the milligram value by 1000, because 1 gram is equivalent to 1000 milligrams. Thus, 500 mg divided by 1000 results in 0.5 grams.

Question 270: Unless operated on by an imbalanced force, the body at rest will remain at rest, and the body in motion will remain in motion with a constant velocity; F=ka

Scalar quantity
Force
Average velocity
Newton's First Law of Motion (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Newton's First Law of Motion

Newton's First Law of Motion, also known as the Law of Inertia, states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will remain in motion with a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external, unbalanced force. The provided description perfectly encapsulates this principle. The formula F=ka is a misstatement; Newton's Second Law is F=ma.

Question 271: What is the main idea of a passage?

The conclusion of the passage
A summary of every paragraph
The author's opinion
The central point or message (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The central point or message

The main idea of a passage is its central point or overarching message that the author wants to convey. It's the core concept that all other details, arguments, and examples within the text support and elaborate upon. Identifying the main idea is crucial for understanding the passage's overall purpose and content.

Question 272: Which word means most nearly the same as the underlined word in this sentence? “During the bypass surgery, the surgeon had to locate the anterior veins first before she could reach the heart itself.”

Aft
Frontal (Correct answer)
Exterior
Posterior

Correct answer: Frontal

In anatomy, 'anterior' refers to the front of the body or a body part. It describes a position closer to the front surface. Therefore, 'frontal' is the most accurate synonym, indicating the front aspect or direction.

Question 273: What does the prefix 'hyper-' mean?

Around or surrounding
Under or below normal
Above or excessive (Correct answer)
Between or among

Correct answer: Above or excessive

'Hyper-' means above or excessive, as in hypertension (high blood pressure).

Question 274: In a medical journal abstract: 'This randomized controlled trial (n=500) found that early mobilization after hip replacement surgery reduced hospital stays by an average of 1.8 days (p<0.001) compared to standard care protocols.' What does 'p<0.001' indicate to the reader?

The intervention reduced costs by 0.1%
The results are not clinically important
The finding is statistically significant and unlikely due to chance (Correct answer)
The sample size was too small for valid conclusions

Correct answer: The finding is statistically significant and unlikely due to chance

A p-value less than 0.001 indicates very high statistical significance, meaning there is less than a 0.1% probability the results occurred by chance.

Question 275: A nursing team disagrees about the best approach to reduce hospital-acquired infections. Which action best demonstrates critical thinking?

Continue current practices to avoid conflict
Conduct a review of current evidence and guidelines on infection prevention (Correct answer)
Vote to determine the majority preference
Defer to the most senior nurse's opinion

Correct answer: Conduct a review of current evidence and guidelines on infection prevention

Critical thinking involves basing decisions on evidence rather than seniority, popularity, or conflict avoidance.

Question 276: The prefix 'tachy-' means:

Slow
Heavy
Painful
Fast (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Fast

'Tachy-' means fast or rapid, as in tachycardia (abnormally fast heart rate).

Question 277: If a writer wants to appear objective, the writing should be free of:

Biased or emotional language (Correct answer)
Supporting evidence
Accurate facts
Clear organization

Correct answer: Biased or emotional language

Objective writing avoids bias and emotional appeals, relying on facts.

Question 278: It is possible for an object to show two different types of motion at the same time.

Force
Scalar quantity
Acceleration
Project Motion (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Project Motion

Projectile motion is a classic example where an object exhibits two types of motion simultaneously: constant horizontal velocity (ignoring air resistance) and vertical acceleration due due to gravity. This combination of independent horizontal and vertical movements allows an object to follow a parabolic path, demonstrating two distinct motions at once.

Question 279: What is the correct answer for MDCXLIV?

1544
1654
1644 (Correct answer)
1554

Correct answer: 1644

To convert the Roman numeral MDCXLIV to a number, break it down by value. M is 1000, D is 500, C is 100. XL is 40 (50-10, as X comes before L), and IV is 4 (5-1, as I comes before V). Adding these values together: 1000 + 500 + 100 + 40 + 4 equals 1644.

Question 280: Which word is a context clue that signals a contrast in a sentence?

Because
Therefore
However (Correct answer)
Similarly

Correct answer: However

'However' introduces an idea that contrasts with what came before.

Question 281: What does 'cardio-' mean?

Lung
Brain
Blood
Heart (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Heart

'Cardio-' refers to the heart, as in cardiology (study of the heart) and cardiovascular (heart and blood vessels).

Question 282: Which word, meaning “to examine by touch,” fits best into this sentence? “The pediatrician ____ the young patient’s abdomen to see if she could discover what was causing the girl’s pain.”

Projected
Palpated (Correct answer)
Pondered
Perpetuated

Correct answer: Palpated

To palpate means to examine by touch, especially for medical purposes. Doctors use palpation to feel for abnormalities, tenderness, or the size and consistency of organs or masses beneath the skin. This technique is a fundamental part of a physical examination.

Question 283: Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

Electron (Correct answer)
Neutron
Nucleus
Proton

Correct answer: Electron

Electrons carry a negative charge and orbit the nucleus.

Question 284: Which process allows a cell to engulf large particles by wrapping its membrane around them?

Translation
Osmosis
Diffusion
Phagocytosis (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis where the cell engulfs large solid particles.

Question 285: The term 'gastroenterology' is the study of:

Stomach and intestines (Correct answer)
Heart and blood vessels
Brain and nerves
Skin and hair

Correct answer: Stomach and intestines

'Gastro-' means stomach, 'entero-' means intestine, and '-ology' means study of, so gastroenterology covers the stomach and intestines.

Question 286: Convert 0.60 to ratio in simplest form

2:6
1:6
3:5 (Correct answer)
2:50

Correct answer: 3:5

To convert the decimal 0.60 to a ratio, first express it as a fraction: 60/100. Next, simplify this fraction by dividing both the numerator and the denominator by their greatest common divisor, which is 20. This results in 60 ÷ 20 = 3 and 100 ÷ 20 = 5, giving the simplified fraction 3/5, which is written as the ratio 3:5.

Question 287: How far does a runner run (in kilometers) in a 1,000 meter race?

0.10 km
1\/2 km
3 km
1 km (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 1 km

To convert meters to kilometers, you need to know that 1 kilometer (km) is equal to 1,000 meters (m). Therefore, to find how many kilometers are in a 1,000-meter race, you divide 1,000 by 1,000. This calculation results in 1 kilometer.

Question 288: During final exams 172 students visited the math lab in total. If 4 out of 11 were male what is the percentage of female students who visited the math lab? (Round to the nearest tenth). a. 63.6%\t

63.64%
63.6% (Correct answer)
62.5%
63%

Correct answer: 63.6%

If 4 out of 11 students were male, then the remaining students are female. This means 11 - 4 = 7 out of 11 students were female. To find the percentage of female students, divide the number of female students by the total number of students in the ratio (7/11) and multiply by 100%. This calculation yields approximately 63.636%, which rounds to 63.6% to the nearest tenth.

Question 289: In an exothermic reaction, what happens to energy?

Energy is absorbed from the surroundings
Energy remains unchanged
Energy is released to the surroundings (Correct answer)
Energy is converted entirely to matter

Correct answer: Energy is released to the surroundings

Exothermic reactions release energy (usually as heat) to the surroundings, resulting in a negative enthalpy change (ΔH < 0).

HESI Admission Assessment (A2) Exam

The HESI A2 exam is a pre-admission test for nursing and allied health programs, evaluating academic readiness in various subjects.

290

Questions

300 min

Time Limit

75%

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