ATDH Organic Chemistry Fundamentals

Question 1

Which functional group is characteristic of an alcohol?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl (-OH)

Answer

Alcohols are defined by the hydroxyl (-OH) functional group attached directly to a carbon atom.

Question 2

What is the general molecular formula for alkanes?

Accepted Answer

CnH2n+2

Answer

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with the formula CnH2n+2, meaning each carbon forms only single bonds and carries the maximum number of hydrogens.

Question 3

Which of the following compounds is an ester?

Accepted Answer

CH3COOCH3

Answer

CH3COOCH3 (methyl acetate) is an ester, identifiable by the -COO- linkage formed from a carboxylic acid reacting with an alcohol.

Question 4

Stereoisomers have the same molecular formula and connectivity but differ in:

Accepted Answer

The spatial arrangement of atoms

Answer

Stereoisomers share identical molecular formulas and bond connectivity but differ in the three-dimensional arrangement of their atoms in space.

Question 5

In an addition reaction involving an alkene, which bond is broken to allow new groups to add?

Accepted Answer

C=C pi (double) bond

Answer

The pi bond of the C=C double bond breaks during addition reactions, allowing new atoms or groups to bond across what was the double bond.

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