ATDH Organic Chemistry Fundamentals 3

Question 1

What are the products when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst?

Accepted Answer

An ester and water

Answer

Esterification is the condensation reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, yielding an ester and water as products.

Question 2

Enantiomers are best described as stereoisomers that are:

Accepted Answer

Non-superimposable mirror images of each other

Answer

Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images of one another, differing in how they rotate plane-polarized light but otherwise sharing identical physical properties in achiral environments.

Question 3

Which statement about aromatic compounds is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

They readily undergo addition reactions

Answer

Aromatic compounds strongly prefer electrophilic substitution over addition reactions because addition would disrupt the aromatic pi system and its stabilizing resonance energy.

Question 4

What is saponification?

Accepted Answer

Base-catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester to form soap

Answer

Saponification is the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester (typically a fat or oil) to produce glycerol and the carboxylate salts of fatty acids, which are soaps.

Question 5

What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in a carbonyl group (C=O)?

Accepted Answer

sp2

Answer

The carbonyl carbon is sp2 hybridized, forming three sigma bonds in a planar arrangement and one pi bond with the oxygen via overlapping unhybridized p orbitals.

ATDH - Admission Test for Dental Hygiene Practice Test

ATDH - Admission Test for Dental Hygiene Practice Test

ATDH Organic Chemistry Fundamentals 3