ATDH Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in which chamber of the heart?
- Left ventricle
- Right atrium (Correct answer)
- Left atrium
- Right ventricle
Correct answer: Right atrium
The SA node, the heart's natural pacemaker, is located in the wall of the right atrium near the superior vena cava.
Question 2: Gas exchange between the blood and body tissues is called:
- Pulmonary respiration
- External respiration
- Internal respiration (Correct answer)
- Ventilation
Correct answer: Internal respiration
Internal (tissue) respiration is the exchange of O₂ and CO₂ between capillary blood and surrounding body cells.
Question 3: Which hormone is secreted by the pancreatic beta cells to lower blood glucose levels?
- Glucagon
- Cortisol
- Insulin (Correct answer)
- Epinephrine
Correct answer: Insulin
Insulin, released by beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, promotes glucose uptake by cells, lowering blood glucose.
Question 4: The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration and urine formation is the:
- Glomerulus
- Nephron (Correct answer)
- Renal pelvis
- Collecting duct
Correct answer: Nephron
The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney, consisting of the glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, and tubules.
Question 5: Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion?
- Hinge joint
- Pivot joint
- Ball-and-socket joint (Correct answer)
- Saddle joint
Correct answer: Ball-and-socket joint
Ball-and-socket joints (e.g., hip and shoulder) permit movement in all planes, providing the greatest range of motion.
Question 6: The primary function of red blood cells (erythrocytes) is to:
- Fight infection
- Produce antibodies
- Transport oxygen (Correct answer)
- Aid in blood clotting
Correct answer: Transport oxygen
Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to body tissues.
ATDH Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals 2
The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in which chamber of the heart?