Evidence-Based Practice Flashcards

A clinician calculates an NNT of 4 for a new ankle rehabilitation protocol. This means:

Answer: 4 patients must be treated for one additional patient to benefit

Number Needed to Treat (NNT) represents how many patients must receive the treatment for one additional patient to achieve a beneficial outcome.

Which bias occurs when participants or researchers know the treatment group assignment in a clinical trial?

Answer: Performance bias

Performance bias occurs when knowledge of group allocation influences how care is provided or how participants behave during the study.

An athletic trainer wants to assess the reproducibility of a measurement tool across different testers. Which statistical measure is most appropriate?

Answer: Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)

The ICC is the preferred statistic for assessing inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of continuous measurements.

In a clinical study, the control group receives a sham ultrasound treatment. This is an example of:

Answer: Placebo control

A sham treatment mimics the real intervention without the active component, serving as a placebo control to isolate treatment effects.

Which level of evidence in most hierarchies ranks expert opinion without critical appraisal?

Answer: Level V

Expert opinion without critical appraisal or based solely on experience is typically ranked at the lowest level (Level V) of evidence hierarchies.

When a study reports a 95% confidence interval that does NOT cross 1.0 for a relative risk, this suggests:

Answer: The result is statistically significant

A 95% CI for relative risk that does not include 1.0 indicates a statistically significant difference between groups at the 0.05 alpha level.

Which type of study is most appropriate for determining the prevalence of a condition in a population at a single point in time?

Answer: Cross-sectional study

Cross-sectional studies measure the prevalence of disease or characteristics in a population at a single point in time.