ASQ Certified Quality Technician Questions 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which type of sampling selects every nth item from a production process?
- Stratified sampling
- Cluster sampling
- Systematic sampling (Correct answer)
- Random sampling
Correct answer: Systematic sampling
Systematic sampling selects items at regular intervals (every nth unit) from an ordered population or production stream.
Question 2: What does the 'Operating Characteristic (OC) curve' in acceptance sampling show?
- The relationship between process capability and defect rate
- The probability of accepting a lot at various quality levels (Correct answer)
- The cumulative defect rate over time
- The relationship between sample size and inspection cost
Correct answer: The probability of accepting a lot at various quality levels
The OC curve plots the probability of acceptance against the incoming lot quality (fraction defective), showing how well a sampling plan discriminates between good and bad lots.
Question 3: Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?
- Range
- Standard deviation
- Median (Correct answer)
- Variance
Correct answer: Median
The median is a measure of central tendency representing the middle value in an ordered data set.
Question 4: An X-bar and R chart shows a run of 8 consecutive points above the centerline. This is an indication of:
- Natural process variation
- A special cause of variation (Correct answer)
- Measurement error
- Acceptable common cause variation
Correct answer: A special cause of variation
Eight or more consecutive points on one side of the centerline is a standard Western Electric rule violation, indicating a special (assignable) cause of variation.
Question 5: In quality cost reporting, the cost of inspecting incoming raw materials is categorized as:
- Prevention cost
- Internal failure cost
- External failure cost
- Appraisal cost (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Appraisal cost
Incoming inspection is an appraisal activity because it evaluates product quality rather than preventing defects or dealing with failures.
Question 6: What is the primary purpose of a check sheet in quality control?
- To prioritize defects by frequency
- To systematically collect and organize data in real time (Correct answer)
- To display the frequency distribution of data
- To identify the root cause of a defect
Correct answer: To systematically collect and organize data in real time
A check sheet is a structured form for collecting and organizing data in real time at the location where the data is generated.
Question 7: The probability that a system with two independent components in parallel will fail is:
- P(A) × P(B) (Correct answer)
- P(A) + P(B)
- 1 – [1 – P(A)] × [1 – P(B)]
- P(A) + P(B) – P(A) × P(B)
Correct answer: P(A) × P(B)
For two independent components in parallel, the system fails only when BOTH fail, so P(system failure) = P(A fails) × P(B fails).
ASQ Certified Quality Technician Questions 3
Which type of sampling selects every nth item from a production process?