ASPPB Research Methods & Psychological Foundations 4

Question 1

Which threat to internal validity occurs when participants in a study change naturally over time, independent of the treatment?

Accepted Answer

Maturation

Answer

Maturation refers to changes in participants due to natural biological or psychological processes occurring over the course of a study.

Question 2

In Piaget's theory, the ability to understand that the amount of liquid remains the same when poured into a differently shaped container is called:

Accepted Answer

Conservation

Answer

Conservation is the understanding that quantity remains constant despite changes in appearance, typically mastered during the concrete operational stage.

Question 3

A Type II error in hypothesis testing means the researcher:

Accepted Answer

Failed to reject a false null hypothesis

Answer

A Type II error (false negative) occurs when the null hypothesis is false but the researcher fails to reject it.

Question 4

The concept of 'ecological validity' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The degree to which findings generalize to real-world settings

Answer

Ecological validity concerns the extent to which research findings can be generalized to and applied in natural, real-world environments.

Question 5

Harlow's rhesus monkey experiments demonstrated that infant attachment is primarily driven by:

Accepted Answer

Contact comfort from the caregiver

Answer

Harlow's monkeys preferred the cloth 'mother' over the wire 'mother' that provided milk, demonstrating that contact comfort, not feeding, is the primary basis of attachment.

(ASPPB) Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards Practice Test

(ASPPB) Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards Practice Test

ASPPB Research Methods & Psychological Foundations 4