ASPPB Cognitive Psychology 4

Question 1

The 'encoding specificity principle' proposed by Tulving and Thomson states that:

Accepted Answer

Retrieval is most effective when conditions match those present during encoding

Answer

Encoding specificity holds that retrieval cues are most effective when they overlap with the context and cues present at the time of encoding.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a 'schema' influencing memory reconstruction?

Accepted Answer

Recalling a restaurant visit as including items typical of restaurants but not actually present

Answer

Schemas are knowledge frameworks that lead people to fill in memory gaps with schema-consistent details, even if those details were not actually experienced.

Question 3

Connectionist (PDP) models of cognition differ from classical symbolic models primarily in that they:

Accepted Answer

Store knowledge as distributed patterns of activation across network units

Answer

Parallel distributed processing models represent knowledge as distributed activation patterns across interconnected units, rather than in discrete symbolic rules or localized nodes.

Question 4

A child who insists that the amount of liquid changes when poured from a tall narrow glass to a short wide glass has not yet developed:

Accepted Answer

Conservation

Answer

Conservation, according to Piaget, is the understanding that quantity remains constant despite changes in appearance, typically acquired during the concrete operational stage.

Question 5

In cognitive load theory, 'germane cognitive load' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The mental effort devoted to forming and automating schemas

Answer

Germane cognitive load is the beneficial processing effort directed toward schema formation and automation, enhancing long-term learning.

(ASPPB) Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards Practice Test

(ASPPB) Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards Practice Test

ASPPB Cognitive Psychology 4