ASHA Anatomy and Physiology of Communication 3

Question 1

The arcuate fasciculus is a white matter pathway that connects which two language-processing regions?

Accepted Answer

Broca's area and Wernicke's area

Answer

Primary motor cortex and cerebellum

Answer

Thalamus and Broca's area

Answer

Angular gyrus and occipital lobe

Question 2

Which intrinsic laryngeal muscle is the primary adductor of the vocal folds, closing the glottis for phonation?

Accepted Answer

Lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA)

Answer

Posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA)

Answer

Cricothyroid (CT)

Answer

Thyroarytenoid (TA)

Question 3

The saccule and utricle (otolith organs) of the vestibular system primarily detect:

Accepted Answer

Linear acceleration and the gravitational vertical

Answer

Angular (rotational) acceleration of the head

Answer

High-frequency acoustic vibrations

Answer

Interaural level differences for sound localization

Question 4

Conductive hearing loss results from pathology affecting which anatomical region(s)?

Accepted Answer

Outer ear and/or middle ear

Answer

Cochlear hair cells or auditory nerve

Answer

Central auditory pathways

Answer

Auditory cortex in the temporal lobe

Question 5

The cricothyroid (CT) muscle increases vocal fundamental frequency primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Elongating and tensioning the vocal folds by tilting the thyroid cartilage forward

Answer

Adducting the vocal folds to increase medial compression

Answer

Abducting the arytenoids to reduce glottal resistance

Answer

Shortening the vocal folds to increase their mass per unit length

Question 6

The inferior pharyngeal constrictor is most active during which phase of the normal swallow?

Accepted Answer

Pharyngeal phase

Answer

Oral preparatory phase

Answer

Oral transit phase

Answer

Esophageal phase

Question 7

Although inner hair cells (IHCs) are fewer in number than outer hair cells, they receive approximately what percentage of the auditory nerve's afferent fibers?

Accepted Answer

90%

Answer

10%

Answer

25%

Answer

50%