Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Flashcards
6 cards from real ASCE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Water Resources and Environmental Engineering flashcards as text
What is the main purpose of stormwater management systems?
Answer: Control runoff, prevent flooding, and reduce pollution.
Stormwater management systems are designed to effectively collect, convey, and treat rainwater runoff from urban and developed areas. Their main purpose is to control the volume and flow rate of runoff, preventing flooding and erosion, while also removing pollutants before the water enters natural bodies. This protects infrastructure, property, and environmental health by mitigating the adverse effects of stormwater.
Which method is commonly used for wastewater treatment to remove organic pollutants?
Answer: Activated sludge process
The activated sludge process is a widely used biological wastewater treatment method that effectively removes organic pollutants. It involves aerating wastewater in a tank with a suspension of microorganisms (activated sludge) that consume and break down the organic matter. This process significantly reduces biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solids, purifying the water before discharge or further treatment.
What is the primary objective of a water distribution system?
Answer: Ensure reliable supply of potable water.
The primary objective of a water distribution system is to deliver a reliable and safe supply of potable (drinkable) water to consumers. This involves a complex network of pipes, pumps, and storage facilities designed to maintain adequate pressure and flow rates throughout the service area. Ensuring consistent water quality and availability is paramount for public health, sanitation, and daily life.
Which environmental factor is most critical when designing a dam?
Answer: Hydrological analysis
Hydrological analysis is the most critical environmental factor when designing a dam because it assesses the water resources available and the potential for floods. Engineers must accurately predict water inflows, outflows, and storage capacities based on rainfall, river flow data, and watershed characteristics. This ensures the dam can safely manage water levels, prevent overtopping, and meet its intended purpose, such as power generation or flood control.
Why are wetlands important in environmental engineering?
Answer: Filter pollutants and improve water quality.
Wetlands are vital in environmental engineering because they act as natural filters, effectively removing pollutants and improving water quality. Their dense vegetation and diverse microbial communities can trap sediments, absorb excess nutrients, and break down contaminants from runoff. This natural purification process helps protect downstream water bodies, supports biodiversity, and mitigates the impact of human activities on aquatic ecosystems.
What is the primary benefit of green infrastructure in urban water management?
Answer: Reduces runoff and enhances water infiltration.
Green infrastructure in urban water management utilizes natural systems, like rain gardens, permeable pavements, and green roofs, to manage stormwater. Its primary benefit is reducing impervious surfaces, which decreases stormwater runoff volume and velocity, thereby mitigating flooding. It also enhances natural water infiltration into the ground, recharging groundwater and filtering pollutants, leading to healthier urban environments.