ASC Snowpack Analysis & Weather Interpretation 2

Question 1

What does a 'whumpfing' sound while traveling on snow typically indicate?

Accepted Answer

Sudden collapse of a weak layer, signaling high avalanche danger

Answer

Whumpfing is the sound of a weak layer collapsing under load, which is a critical red flag indicating the snowpack is primed for avalanche release.

Question 2

Which crystal type forms through temperature gradient metamorphism in a strong temperature gradient (>10°C/m)?

Accepted Answer

Faceted crystals

Answer

Strong temperature gradients cause water vapor to migrate upward and recrystallize into faceted, angular grains that bond poorly and create weak layers.

Question 3

A column of fresh snow is placed on a slope and immediately collapses. This most likely indicates:

Accepted Answer

A reactive weak layer capable of propagating a fracture

Answer

Sudden collapse during an Extended Column Test (ECT) or similar test indicates a fracture-prone weak layer that can propagate — a significant avalanche concern.

Question 4

Which weather pattern most rapidly destabilizes a snowpack?

Accepted Answer

Rapid warming with rain at elevation

Answer

Rain on snow adds liquid water into the snowpack, rapidly lubricating weak layers and dramatically increasing wet avalanche hazard.

Question 5

What is 'solar radiation loading' in avalanche forecasting?

Accepted Answer

Warming of south- and west-facing slopes by the sun, weakening surface snow strength

Answer

Solar radiation heats exposed slope aspects, melting surface bonds and triggering wet or loose avalanches, especially on south- and west-facing slopes in spring.

(ASC) Avalanche Safety Certification Practice Test

(ASC) Avalanche Safety Certification Practice Test

ASC Snowpack Analysis & Weather Interpretation 2