AS Associate Of Science In Psychology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory occurs between ages 7 and 11 and is characterized by logical thinking about concrete objects?
- Sensorimotor stage
- Preoperational stage
- Concrete operational stage (Correct answer)
- Formal operational stage
Correct answer: Concrete operational stage
The concrete operational stage (ages 7–11) is marked by logical reasoning about tangible objects and the acquisition of conservation, classification, and seriation skills.
Question 2: What type of memory stores general knowledge and facts about the world?
- Episodic memory
- Procedural memory
- Semantic memory (Correct answer)
- Working memory
Correct answer: Semantic memory
Semantic memory is the component of long-term memory that stores general factual knowledge and concepts that are not tied to personal experience.
Question 3: What is the term for the process by which individuals conform to the expectations of a social role?
- Diffusion of responsibility
- Role enactment (Correct answer)
- Groupthink
- Social loafing
Correct answer: Role enactment
Role enactment refers to the behavioral patterns individuals adopt to conform to the expectations associated with their social role.
Question 4: Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with reward, motivation, and the reinforcing effects of drugs?
- Serotonin
- Dopamine (Correct answer)
- GABA
- Acetylcholine
Correct answer: Dopamine
Dopamine plays a central role in the brain's reward pathway, influencing motivation, pleasure, and the reinforcing properties of addictive substances.
Question 5: In operant conditioning, what is the effect of negative reinforcement?
- It decreases a behavior by adding an unpleasant stimulus
- It increases a behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus (Correct answer)
- It decreases a behavior by removing a pleasant stimulus
- It has no effect on behavior
Correct answer: It increases a behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus
Negative reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior by removing an aversive (unpleasant) stimulus when the desired behavior occurs.
Question 6: Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable feelings or thoughts to someone else?
- Repression
- Rationalization
- Projection (Correct answer)
- Displacement
Correct answer: Projection
Projection is a Freudian defense mechanism in which a person attributes their own unwanted feelings or impulses to another person.
AS Associate Of Science In Psychology 2
Which stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory occurs between ages 7 and 11 and is characterized by logical thinking about concrete objects?