AS Associate Of Science In Biology 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?
- Mitochondria (Correct answer)
- Nucleus
- Ribosome
- Golgi apparatus
Correct answer: Mitochondria
Mitochondria generate most of the cell's ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration.
Question 2: What is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy?
- Cellular respiration
- Photosynthesis (Correct answer)
- Fermentation
- Glycolysis
Correct answer: Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process where plants use sunlight, water, and CO₂ to produce glucose and oxygen.
Question 3: Which macromolecule serves as the primary long-term energy storage in animals?
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids (Correct answer)
- Nucleic acids
Correct answer: Lipids
Lipids (fats) store more than twice as much energy per gram compared to carbohydrates and serve as the primary long-term energy reserve in animals.
Question 4: During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align along the cell's equatorial plate?
- Prophase
- Anaphase
- Metaphase (Correct answer)
- Telophase
Correct answer: Metaphase
During metaphase, chromosomes are aligned along the metaphase plate (equatorial plate) by spindle fibers before being pulled apart.
Question 5: What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?
- DNA replication
- Protein synthesis (Correct answer)
- Lipid digestion
- Energy production
Correct answer: Protein synthesis
Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, translating mRNA sequences into polypeptide chains.
Question 6: Which type of bond holds the two strands of a DNA double helix together?
- Covalent bonds
- Ionic bonds
- Hydrogen bonds (Correct answer)
- Peptide bonds
Correct answer: Hydrogen bonds
Hydrogen bonds form between complementary base pairs (A-T and G-C) and hold the two strands of the DNA double helix together.
AS Associate Of Science In Biology 1
Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?