ARDMS Echo Doppler Principles and Applications 3

Question 1

Which Doppler modality is used to detect intracardiac shunts with agitated saline contrast?

Accepted Answer

Color flow Doppler combined with 2D imaging

Answer

Pulsed wave Doppler only

Answer

Continuous wave Doppler only

Answer

Tissue Doppler imaging

Question 2

What is the modified Bernoulli equation used for in Doppler echocardiography?

Accepted Answer

To convert peak Doppler velocity to pressure gradient (ΔP = 4V²)

Answer

To calculate cardiac output

Answer

To determine stroke volume

Answer

To assess ventricular relaxation

Question 3

Which color Doppler artifact is caused by reverberations and appears as a mosaic of random colors within a structure?

Accepted Answer

Flash artifact

Answer

Aliasing

Answer

Mirror image artifact

Answer

Shadowing

Question 4

What does a high-frequency, low-amplitude Doppler signal at the tricuspid annulus on TDI (S' > 9.5 cm/s) indicate?

Accepted Answer

Normal RV systolic function

Answer

Severe RV dysfunction

Answer

Elevated pulmonary pressures

Answer

Tricuspid regurgitation

Question 5

In Doppler echocardiography, what is spectral broadening?

Accepted Answer

Widening of the spectral envelope due to a range of velocities in the sample volume

Answer

Narrowing of the spectral envelope in turbulent flow

Answer

An artifact from incorrect gain settings

Answer

A sign of normal laminar flow

Question 6

Which Doppler parameter is used in the PISA method to calculate regurgitant flow rate?

Accepted Answer

2π r² × aliasing velocity

Answer

π r² × peak velocity

Answer

4V² × annulus area

Answer

VTI × annulus area