ARDMS Echo Doppler Principles and Applications 2

Question 1

The PISA (proximal isovelocity surface area) method is used to quantify which cardiac abnormality?

Accepted Answer

Regurgitant valve orifice area and flow

Answer

Stenotic valve gradient

Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

LV filling pressure

Question 2

Which Doppler finding characterizes severe mitral regurgitation on continuous wave Doppler?

Accepted Answer

Dense, triangular-shaped MR signal with early peak

Answer

Faint, parabolic MR signal

Answer

Holosystolic MR signal with late peak

Answer

Absent MR signal

Question 3

What does a pulmonary vein systolic flow reversal on Doppler indicate?

Accepted Answer

Severe mitral regurgitation

Answer

Mild mitral stenosis

Answer

Normal left atrial pressure

Answer

Tricuspid regurgitation

Question 4

Which Doppler parameter is measured to estimate mean mitral valve gradient in mitral stenosis?

Accepted Answer

Mean pressure gradient from the mitral inflow VTI

Answer

Peak E velocity only

Answer

IVRT only

Answer

A-wave duration

Question 5

In Doppler echocardiography, what does the velocity-time integral (VTI) represent?

Accepted Answer

Stroke distance — the linear distance blood travels per beat

Answer

Blood flow velocity at a single instant

Answer

Average velocity over one cardiac cycle

Answer

Peak systolic velocity

Question 6

What is the significance of a Doppler-derived mean aortic valve gradient > 40 mmHg?

Accepted Answer

Severe aortic stenosis

Answer

Mild aortic stenosis

Answer

Normal aortic valve function

Answer

Moderate aortic regurgitation